Techniques for detecting cannabinoid, opioid, and virus aerosols in an exhaled breath are provided. An example method for analyzing exhaled breath includes receiving an aerosol breath sample, concentrating the aerosol breath sample onto an infrared-transparent coupon with an electrostatic precipitator, disposing the infrared-transparent coupon in an optical path of a spectroscopy system, detecting one or more infrared spectral features of the concentrated aerosol breath sample with the spectroscopy system, and analyzing the aerosol breath sample based on the one or more infrared spectral features.

Embodiments herein include a method for detecting a brain condition in a subject. The method can include obtaining a breath sample from the subject and contacting it with a chemical sensor element, where the chemical sensor element includes a plurality of discrete graphene varactors. The method can include sensing and storing capacitance of the discrete graphene varactors to obtain a sample data set and classifying the sample data set into one or more preestablished brain condition classifications. Other embodiments are also included herein.

A gas sensor element includes a main body having a solid electrolyte body on which a measurement gas-side electrode and a reference gas-side electrode are provided, a trap layer covering an outer peripheral surface of the main body to trap poisoning substances contained in a measurement gas, and a waterproof protective layer covering an outer peripheral surface of the trap layer. In the protective layer, there is formed at least one measurement gas introduction port for introducing the measurement gas to the measurement gas-side electrode via the trap layer.

A diagnostic device is disclosed for characterisation of particles from a patient’s airways, such as a lung, when ventilated by a ventilator, and/or for control thereof, comprising a particle detecting unit configured to be connected to a conduit for passing expiration fluid from said patient, for obtaining data related to particles being exhaled from said patent’s airways.

This disclosure provides a breath microbe collection assembly. The assembly receives both an upper respiratory breath and a lower respiratory breath of a user. The assembly includes a housing having a first chamber and a second chamber. A portion of the first chamber is configured to receive the upper respiratory breath and the lower respiratory breath. The second chamber is configured to receive the lower respiratory breath. A stop is mounted within the first chamber. A valve is mounted to the housing and has a pivoting part and a diverting part. The pivoting part is adjacent one side of the stop when the valve is in an initial position. The diverting part is adjacent another side opposite the one side of the stop when the valve is in an activated position. The valve automatically returns to the initial position when a volume of an initial breath of said user is dissipated.

A sample extraction device and a desorption device for use in gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), liquid chromatography (LC), and/or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) are disclosed. In some examples, the sample extraction device includes a lower chamber holding a sorbent. The sample extraction device can extract sample headspace gas from a sample vial by placing the sorbent inside the vial and creating a vacuum to increase recovery of low volatility compounds, for example. Once the sample has been collected, the sample extraction device can be inserted into a desorption device. The desorption device can control the flow of a carrier fluid (e.g., a liquid or a gas) through the sorbent containing the sample and into a pre-column and/or a primary column of a chemical analysis device for performing GC, GCMS, LC, LCMS, and/or some other chemical analysis process.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for collecting and analyzing bioaerosols, including exhaled breath aerosol from a subject. The collection system comprises an inlet portion configured to receive a gaseous fluid containing water vapor and aerosol particles. A primary passage for gaseous fluid flow is in fluid communication with the inlet portion and configured to channel the gaseous fluid flow therethrough. An outlet portion is in fluid communication with the primary passage. A sample collection region is provided, which is configured to receive from the outlet portion aerosol particles from the gaseous fluid, wherein the aerosol particles are impacted onto a layer of ice.

Described herein are sensor elements for detecting the presence of organic materials comprising a boron doped n-type semiconductor material with decrease in resistivity upon organic materials exposure with increase in resistivity upon organic materials exposure.

A measuring device for determining a gas concentration includes a gas-sensitive element, a sensing device, a stimulation unit, and a processing unit. The gas-sensitive element is configured to absorb a gas. The sensing device is configured to determine a parameter of the gas-sensitive element in a predetermined time period, where the parameter depends on an absorbed quantity of the gas. The stimulation unit is configured to stimulate the gas-sensitive element and accelerate desorption of the gas out of the gas-sensitive element. The processing unit is configured to determine a rate of change of the parameter, to control the stimulation such that a concentration of the gas in the gas-sensitive element lies outside of an equilibrium state, and to determine the gas concentration based on the rate of change.

Techniques for determining a volume of exhaled CO.sub.2 as a function of time using side-stream capnography, including obtaining flow dynamics measurements of a subject from a flow sensor; obtaining CO.sub.2 concentration measurements of the subject from a side-stream CO.sub.2 monitor; determining a duration of time (ΔT.sub.sl) for a sample of gas to flow from a reference point to the side-stream CO.sub.2 monitor; synchronizing in time the CO.sub.2 concentration measurement with the flow dynamics measurement, based on the determined ΔT.sub.sl; and determining a volume of CO.sub.2 exhaled as a function of time, based on the flow dynamics measurement and the synchronized CO.sub.2 concentration measurement.