Techniques for determining a volume of exhaled CO.sub.2 as a function of time using side-stream capnography, including obtaining flow dynamics measurements of a subject from a flow sensor; obtaining CO.sub.2 concentration measurements of the subject from a side-stream CO.sub.2 monitor; determining a duration of time (T.sub.s1) for a sample of gas to flow from a reference point to the side-stream CO.sub.2 monitor; synchronizing in time the CO.sub.2 concentration measurement with the flow dynamics measurement, based on the determined T.sub.s1; and determining a volume of CO.sub.2 exhaled as a function of time, based on the flow dynamics measurement and the synchronized CO.sub.2 concentration measurement.

Embodiments of the invention include systems and methods for capturing crowd wisdom to be tested for individualized treatment plans. These systems and methods include data mining crowd sourced health related information and unstructured medical narratives and storytelling to identify treatment plans and general techniques that individuals with chronic diseases/symptoms, including but not limited to IBD and other immune invisible neglected and stigmatized diseases, use to improve their general health and wellbeing. A system for testing the treatments effectiveness in a population and then in an individual is also disclosed.

Techniques for determining a volume of exhaled CO.sub.2 as a function of time using side-stream capnography, including obtaining flow dynamics measurements of a subject from a flow sensor; obtaining CO.sub.2 concentration measurements of the subject from a side-stream CO.sub.2 monitor; determining a duration of time (?T.sub.sl) for a sample of gas to flow from a reference point to the side-stream CO.sub.2 monitor; synchronizing in time the CO.sub.2 concentration measurement with the flow dynamics measurement, based on the determined ?T.sub.sl; and determining a volume of CO.sub.2 exhaled as a function of time, based on the flow dynamics measurement and the synchronized CO.sub.2 concentration measurement.

Disclosed are a system and method for rapidly collecting greenhouse gas from farmland in batches, relating to the technical field of greenhouse gas collection. The system for rapidly collecting greenhouse gas from farmland in batches includes a static chamber, a static chamber placement device, a gas collection device, and a control device. The static chamber is arranged inside the static chamber placement device, and each static chamber is sleeved outside crops. The gas collection device is arranged in the static chamber placement device. The static chamber, the static chamber placement device and the gas collection device are all in wireless connection with the control device.

Sampling systems provide apparatuses for obtaining and assessing the composition of a fluid, typically air. Sampling systems allow industrial hygienists to assess the risks and determine the protective equipment that should be worn by personnel entering a specific environment. In one embodiment, a sampling system comprises a sampling container that draws air into its inner volume and the sampling periods are controlled by an automatic timer valve. The automatic timer valve may comprise a rotating disk or plate that provides fluid communication from the area to be sampled to the inner volume of the sample bag when apertures are aligned with inlet tube.

Certain configurations of devices and systems which are configured to draw a selected volume of an air sample into a trap are described. In some examples, the devices and systems comprise a pump and a mass flow sensor to draw a selected volume of the air sample through a trap even where variable restriction occurs.

A method of removing and detecting the presence of substances from at least one of a body of water (20) and the air. The method includes placing into the body of water (20) or into the air an open-cell foam material (12, 14, 16), removing separate portions of the open-cell foam material (12, 14, 16) from the water (20) or air at different exposure times after the open-cell foam material (12, 14, 16) was placed into the water (20) or air, and determining the presence in the removed separate portions of one or more substances that were removed from the water (20) or air by the open-cell foam material (12, 14, 16).

The present invention relates to a collection method for a particulate matter detector, including: performing normalized calculation on collected initial air particulate matter values, to calculate an initial particulate matter variation among the initial air particulate matter values; obtaining a real-time collection cycle coefficient by performing calculation on the initial particulate matter variation through a stepwise approximation method and table lookup, and calculating a real-time particulate matter collection interval time; then, collecting an air particulate matter value again after the real-time collection interval time, where the air particulate matter value collected at this time is a latest air particulate matter value; performing normalized calculation on the latest air particulate matter value and a data value displayed by the particulate matter detector, to calculate a real-time particulate matter variation; and obtaining a new real-time collection cycle coefficient by performing calculation on the real-time particulate matter variation through the stepwise approximation method and table lookup. According to the present invention, a particulate matter detector can adjust a collection interval time in real time as a concentration of particulate matters in the air changes, thereby improving an endurance capacity thereof.

The present invention relates to a particle monitoring system and to a process of monitoring particles in a sample fluid.

A fluid sampling device, the device having a fluid composition sensor configured to receive a fluid sample and capture a plurality of particles from the fluid sample at a collection media, wherein the fluid composition sensor is further configured to generate particle data associated with the plurality of particles using a particle imaging operation, and a controller, the controller being configured to: determine an optimal sample volume associated with a sample collection operation based at least in part on a particle load condition defined by the plurality of particles captured at the collection media during the sample collection operation, and update one or more operational characteristics of the fluid composition sensor such that the sample collection operation is defined at least in part by the optimal sample volume.