A downhole fluid analysis system includes an optical sensor that includes a light source configured to emit light, a light detector, and an optical tip optically coupled to the light source and the light detector. At least a portion of the light emitted from the light source travels through the optical tip and returns to the detector, wherein the optical tip has a bi-conical shape. The system further includes a piezoelectric helm resonator, in which the piezoelectric helm resonator generates a resonance response in response to an applied current, and an electromagnetic spectroscopy sensor positioned symmetrically with respect to the piezoelectric helm resonator in at least one direction. In some embodiments, the optical tip includes a first conical portion and a second conical portion.

Provided are a method and a device that do not require any pretreatment and measure and analyze impurities or hydrogen fluoride in corrosive gas with high sensitivity. The method and the device measure a fluorine-based gas in a sample containing a corrosive gas with a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, wherein the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer includes a detector having an InGaAs detection element and a single-path gas cell having an optical path length of 0.01 m to 2 m, a cell window is made of a corrosion-resistant material, a measurement region ranges from 3800 to 14300 cm.sup.−1 in wavenumber, and the concentration of the fluorine-based gas is quantified based on an amount of absorption of light having a predetermined wavenumber by the sample and a calibration curve.

Embodiments disclosed herein may relate to a testing apparatus. The testing apparatus may include a sealed, chemically-resistant testing apparatus body defining a testing void; a first fluid port and a second fluid port; and a first geomaterial and a second geomaterial. The first and second geomaterials may be positioned between the first fluid port and the second fluid port and relative to one another such that a flow channel may be provided between the first and second geomaterials. The first and second geomaterials may be coupled to a testing void interior surface so as to restrict flow to the flow channel between an upflow region and a downflow region of the testing void. The first and second geomaterials may be comprised of a natural formation material.

A method of making passive microscopic Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (FPI) sensor includes forming a three-dimensional microscopic optical structure on a cleaved tip of an optical fiber that reflects a light signal back through the optical fiber. The reflected light is altered by refractive index changes in the three-dimensional structure that is subject to at least one of: (i) thermal radiation; and (ii) volatile organic compounds.

A method of making passive microscopic Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (FPI) sensor includes forming a three-dimensional microscopic optical structure on a cleaved tip of an optical fiber that reflects a light signal back through the optical fiber. The reflected light is altered by refractive index changes in the three-dimensional structure that is subject to at least one of: (i) thermal radiation; and (ii) volatile organic compounds.

An optical sensor system, comprising refractory plasmonic elements that can withstand temperatures exceeding 2500° C. in chemically aggressive and harsh environments that impose stress, strain and vibrations. A plasmonic metamaterial or metasurface, engineered to have a specific spectral and angular response, exhibits optical reflection characteristics that are altered by varying physical environmental conditions including but not limited to temperature, surface chemistry or elastic stress, strain and other types of mechanical load. The metamaterial or metasurface comprises a set of ultra-thin structured layers with a total thickness of less than tens of microns that can be deployed onto surfaces of devices operating in harsh environmental conditions. The top interface of the metamaterial or metasurface is illuminated with a light source, either through free space or via an optical fiber, and the reflected signal is detected employing remote detectors.

It is an objet to provide an oil extraction agent that is used in an oil concentration meter, that can be manufactured at low cost, that has a high oil extraction efficiency, and whose burden on the environment is small. Trimeric or higher oligomers of chlorotrifluoroethylene are contained in the overall oil extraction agent in a range between 35% by weight or more and 100% by weight or less.

A portable optical spectroscopy device is disclosed for analyzing gas samples and/or for measurement of species concentration, number density, or column density. The device includes a measuring chamber with the gas sample to be analyzed, a light source with at least one laser diode for emitting a laser beam along a light path running through the measuring chamber at least in certain regions, means for modulating the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the light source, and an optical detector device having a first optical detector and at least one second optical detector. At least a part of the light emitted by the laser diode is detected after the light has passed through the measuring chamber m-times, and at least a part of the light emitted by the laser diode is detected with the at least one second optical detector after the light has passed through the measuring chamber n-times, where n>m applies.

A method of making passive microscopic Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (FPI) sensor includes forming a three-dimensional microscopic optical structure on a cleaved tip of an optical fiber that reflects a light signal back through the optical fiber. The reflected light is altered by refractive index changes in the three-dimensional structure that is subject to at least one of: (i) thermal radiation; and (ii) volatile organic compounds.

Refractory anchoring devices include a main body and a mounting feature for mounting to a thermal vessel. The main body has the shape of two end-to-end Y's forming a central segment, two branch segments extending from each end of the central segment, and an extension segment extending from each of the four branch segments, to collectively form four unenclosed cell openings that are each semi-hexagonal in shape. Some embodiments include four reinforcement segments with each one extending into a respective cell opening, four voids with each one extending through respective adjacent branch and extension segments, an underbody gap formed under the central segment for refractory interlinking between cell openings, and/or a single stud-welding stud for the mounting feature. Refractory anchoring systems and methods include an array of the refractory anchoring devices arranged and mounted so that the unenclosed semi-hexagonal cell openings of adjacent anchoring devices cooperatively form substantially hexagonal cells.