The present disclosure relates to devices and methods configured to perform drug screening on cells. At least one embodiment relates to a lens-free device for performing drug screening on cells. The lens-free device includes a substrate having a surface. The lens-free device also includes a light source positioned to illuminate the cells, when present, on the substrate surface with a light wave. The lens-free device further includes a sensor positioned to detect an optical signal caused by illuminating the cells. The substrate surface includes a microelectrode array for sensing an electrophysiological signal from the cells.

Various approaches can be used to interrogate a surface such as a surface of a layered semiconductor structure on a semiconductor wafer. Certain approaches employ Second Harmonic Generation while other utilize four wave-mixing or multi-wave mixing. Corona discharge may be applied to the sample to provide additional information. Some approaches involve determining current flow from a sample illuminated with radiation.

An optical inspection apparatus includes a stage that supports a target substrate, the target substrate including a plurality of light emitting elements, a jig that applies an electrical signal to the target substrate, the jig including a regulation resistor, a microscope that generates magnified image data of the target substrate, a camera that captures the magnified image data to generate a color image of the target substrate, and an optical measurement unit that captures the magnified image data of the target substrate to generate a spectrum image and measure optical characteristics of the target substrate.

An electro-optic modulator is a liquid-crystal-based electro-optical light modulator. The liquid-crystal-based electro-optical light modulator is fabricated using surface Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) techniques. The electro-optical light modulator is used for inspecting flat panel displays or the like. Utilizing surface MEMS techniques for fabrication considerably thins the electro-optic modulator and allows the use of pure liquid crystal without the need for thick containment plates.

An interconnection structure includes a substrate formed by a first electrically insulating and optically transparent material, the substrate including a first face and an opposite second face, the first face defining a plane of the substrate, and a plurality of transparent electrodes, wherein the transparent electrodes pass through the substrate from the first face to the second face of the substrate in parallel to each other, and are electrically insulated from each other by the first electrically insulating and optically transparent material.

The disclosed apparatus, systems and methods relate to ATPA technology that provides a method for the real-time assessment of the polymerization of a sample, e.g., whole blood or blood plasma coagulation, by a non-contact acoustic tweezing device. The acoustic tweezing technology integrates photo-optical tests used in plasma coagulation assays with mechanical (viscoelastic) tests used in whole blood analysis. Its key disruptive features are the increased reliability and accuracy due to non-contact measurement, low sample volume requirement, relatively short procedure time (less than 10 minutes), and the ability to assess the level of Factor XIII function from measurements of the fibrin network formation time.

Electrochemical reactivity is driven by the composition and structure of electrode surfaces. Monitoring surface chemistry in operando is thus crucial to understanding the behavior of electrodes yet is often inaccessible either due to resource limitations or to technical challenges in replicating realistic reaction environments. The invention presents a color impedance spectroscopy (CIS)-based technique to access operando surface measurements for mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs). The CIS technique tunes the depth of charge carriers' movement within an electrode material by modulating the frequency of an applied AC electrochemical signal and monitors these changes spectroscopically. The results enable surface sensitivity in conventional bulk spectroscopies and provide new opportunities to characterize the operational behavior of MIEC electrodes.

Immunosensors according to present embodiments combine a sandwich bioassay with an electro-active, integrated optical waveguide (EA-IOW) for the detection of infectious pathogens and other analytes from a sample, whereby the electro-active waveguide surface is functionalized with a capture antibody capable of specific binding with a particular antigen. This functionalized arrangement then promotes the binding of a secondary, labeled antibody serving as a redox probe, which produces an analytical signal having unique spectral and electrochemical properties for the detection of virus antigens, pathogens, and other analytes that bind to proteins.

The disclosed apparatus, systems and methods relate to ATPA technology that provides a method for the real-time assessment of the polymerization of a sample, e.g., whole blood or blood plasma coagulation, by a non-contact acoustic tweezing device. The acoustic tweezing technology integrates photo-optical tests used in plasma coagulation assays with mechanical (viscoelastic) tests used in whole blood analysis. Its key disruptive features are the increased reliability and accuracy due to non-contact measurement, low sample volume requirement, relatively short procedure time (less than 10 minutes), and the ability to assess the level of Factor XIII function from measurements of the fibrin network formation time.

A semiconductor device inspection method of inspecting a semiconductor device which is an inspection object includes: a step of inputting a stimulation signal to the semiconductor device; a step of acquiring a detection signal based on a reaction of the semiconductor device to which the stimulation signal has been input; a step of generating a first in-phase image and a first quadrature image including amplitude information and phase information in the detection signal based on the detection signal and a reference signal generated based on the stimulation signal; and a step of performing, a filtering process of reducing noise on at least one of the first in-phase image and the first quadrature image and then generating a first amplitude image based on the first in-phase image and the first quadrature image.