A pressure cell for sum frequency generation spectroscopy includes: a metal pressure chamber; a heating stage that heats a liquid sample; an ultrasonic stage that emulsifies the liquid sample; a chamber pump that pressurizes an interior of the metal pressure chamber; and a controller that controls the chamber pump, the ultrasonic stage, and the heating stage to control a pressure of the interior of the metal pressure chamber, an emulsification of the liquid sample, and a temperature of the liquid sample, respectively. The metal pressure chamber includes: a liquid sample holder that retains the liquid sample; a removable lid that seals against a base; a window in the removable lid; a sample inlet that flows the liquid sample from an exterior of the metal pressure chamber to the liquid sample holder at a predetermined flow rate; and a sample outlet.

A system and method for pre-aligning a light beam in a spectroscopic measuring device such as a pump-probe device prior to conducting a measurement procedure is provided, which eliminates the need for monitoring or modification of the beam trajectory through adjustments of elements transmitting the beam (e.g., mirrors) over the course of a measurement process.

The present disclosure provides a temporally-resolved and spatially-resolved pump-probe control system and a method. The system includes an ultrafast femtosecond laser device, an optical parametric oscillator, a displacement delay module, a micro-drive rotation module, an objective lens, a sample stage, a coupled photoelectric amplifier and a computer terminal. The control system of the present disclosure integrates a temporally-resolved pump-probe function and a temporally-resolved and spatially-resolved pump-probe function. The present disclosure can realize pump-probe temporally-resolved scanning, one-dimensional temporally-resolved and spatially-resolved scanning, and two-dimensional temporally-resolved and spatially-resolved scanning under full-automatic control, and real-time data is visualized and synchronously written into batch files. The present disclosure aims to reduce complexity of temporally-resolved and spatially-resolved scanning, shorten a test period, improve probe efficiency, and ensure stability and reliability of data results.

A system for multimodal nonlinear optical imaging is provided. Each mode uses a high NA objective to cause total internal reflection excitation at a sample-substrate interface. The system has a femtosecond oscillator to generate pulses used for two beams. The objective receives at least one beam, redirects the received at least one beam through a dielectric substrate to cause the TIR and produces corresponding evanescent waves in a portion of the sample adjacent to the sample-substrate interface, and collects a backward-propagating beam of pulses of responsive light. The portion of the sample illuminated by the evanescent waves emits responsive light. Different modes or combinations of the distinct modalities may be selected to access complementary chemical and structural information for various chemical species near the sample-substrate interface. Each mode may have mode-specific control such as selective beam blocking, power ratios and filtering.

A microscopic imaging method for creating a microscopic sample image (1A) of a sample (1) comprises the steps of arranging the sample (1) on a sampling crystal (10); irradiating the sample (1) with excitation laser pulses (2, 3) and generating sample response pulses (4) with a sample response field as a result of an interaction of the excitation laser pulses (2, 3) with the sample (1); irradiating the sampling crystal (10) with probe laser pulses (5) being temporally synchronized with the excitation laser pulses (2, 3) and spatially overlapped with the sample response pulses (4) in the sampling crystal (10), wherein the probe laser pulses (5) have a shorter wavelength than the excitation laser pulses (2, 3); detecting the sample response field by electric-field sampling with the sampling crystal (10), using the sample response pulses (4) and the probe laser pulses (5); and calculating the sample image (1A) based on the detected sample response field, wherein the excitation laser pulses (2, 3) have a wavelength in a range from mid-infrared to visible light and the sample response pulses (4) are created by a coherent interaction process induced in the sample (1) and with a fixed phase relationship relative to the excitation laser pulses (2, 3), the sampling crystal (10) is a non-centrosymmetric crystal, the irradiating step is repeated at multiple sample points (1A), wherein at each sample point (1A) the irradiating steps are successively repeated with multiple temporal probe delays of the probe laser pulses (5) relative to the excitation laser pulses (2, 3), at each probe delay, a sum or difference frequency pulse (6) of a sample response pulse (4) and a probe laser pulse (5) is generated, and at each probe delay, a spectral interference pulse (7) is created by a spectral interference of the sum or difference frequency pulse (6) and the current probe laser pulse, the detecting step includes sensing a polarization state of the spectral interference pulse (7) by an ellipsometer device (40) at each probe delay, wherein the local sample response field at the sample point (1A) is derived from the polarization states sensed at all probe delays, and the sample image (1A) is calculated based on the sample response field detected at the sample points (1A). Furthermore, a microscopic imaging apparatus is described.

This patent document discloses techniques, systems, and devices for detecting a target substance using optical nonlinear wave mixing for enhanced detection sensitivity and accuracy. In one aspect, a method for measuring α-synuclein in a body fluid of a patient with high detection sensitivity and accuracy and providing early stage Parkinson's disease detection is provided. The method may comprise: supplying to a capillary analyte cell a fluidic sample that includes a body fluid of a patient containing α-synuclein, wherein the capillary analyte cell is located in a nonlinear optical four-wave mixing device; directing laser light from the nonlinear optical four-wave mixing device into the capillary analyte cell to cause nonlinear optical four-wave mixing in the fluidic sample to generate a four-wave mixing signal that contains information on the α-synuclein in the fluidic sample; and processing the four-wave mixing signal to extract information on the α-synuclein in the fluidic sample.

Arrangements and methods are provided for obtaining information associated with an anatomical sample. For example, at least one first electro-magnetic radiation can be provided to the anatomical sample so as to generate at least one acoustic wave in the anatomical sample. At least one second electro-magnetic radiation can be produced based on the acoustic wave. At least one portion of at least one second electro-magnetic radiation can be provided so as to determine information associated with at least one portion of the anatomical sample. In addition, the information based on data associated with the second electro-magnetic radiation can be analyzed. The first electro-magnetic radiation may include at least one first magnitude and at least one first frequency. The second electro-magnetic radiation can include at least one second magnitude and at least one second frequency. The data may relate to a first difference between the first and second magnitudes and/or a second difference between the first and second frequencies. The second difference may be approximately between −100 GHz and 100 GHz, excluding zero.

A scanning probe microscope includes: a pump light output unit that emits pump light having a first specified phase to a specimen and performs emission of the pump light a plurality of number of times to excite the specimen; a probe light output unit that emits probe light having a second specified phase to the specimen once while the specimen is excited by one-time emission of the pump light; and a scanning probe that detects, from the specimen, a probe signal corresponding to each one-time emission of the probe light, wherein the pump light output unit or the probe light output unit includes a delay time adjustment unit that adjusts delay time from a start of the emission of the pump light until a start of the emission of the probe light.

Disclosed is a system and method for shaped incoherent light for control (SILC). More particularly, disclosed is a method for controlling the evolution of photo-responsive systems (including chemical species, biochemical species or material compounds) using a device capable of producing shaped incoherent light for such control. The disclosed device integrates a polychromatic incoherent source in an adaptive feedback control loop.

A time response measurement apparatus includes a pulse formation unit, an attenuation unit, a waveform measurement unit, and an analysis unit. The pulse formation unit generates first pulsed light including a wavelength of pump light, second pulsed light including a wavelength of probe light, and third pulsed light including the wavelength of the pump light and the wavelength of the probe light, on a common optical axis. The attenuation unit transmits the first pulsed light, the second pulsed light, and the third pulsed light output from a sample arranged on the optical axis after being incident on the sample. An attenuation rate for the pump light is larger than an attenuation rate for the probe light. The analysis unit obtains a time response of the sample based on temporal waveforms of the first pulsed light, the second pulsed light, and the third pulsed light having passed through the attenuation unit.