Apparatuses, systems, and methods for Raman spectroscopy are described. In certain implementations, a spectrometer is provided. The spectrometer may include a plurality of optical elements, comprising an entrance aperture, a collimating element, a volume phase holographic grating, a focusing element, and a detector array. The plurality of optical elements are configured to transfer the light beam from the entrance aperture to the detector array with a high transfer efficiency over a preselected spectral band.

Disclosed herein are systems for imaging and ablating a sample. An imaging/ablating device includes an optical assembly, a sample stage, and a receiver. The optical assembly enables ablation of a region of interest within the sample. The laser light propagated from the optical assembly during ablation propagates substantially in the same direction as the direction of travel of the ablation plume toward the receiver. A laser focus detection unit including at least one reference laser and photodetector generates at least one real-time detection signal indicative of one or more characteristics of the sample during ablation and/or of a distance from the objective to the sample stage or a surface of the sample. A controller coupled with the laser focus detection unit dynamically controls in real-time one or more parameters of the ablation laser and/or a position of the objective and/or a position of the receiver relative to the sample to improve MS imaging quality.

Disclosed herein are systems for imaging and ablating a sample. An imaging/ablating device includes an optical assembly, a sample stage, and a receiver. The optical assembly enables ablation of a region of interest within the sample. The laser light propagated from the optical assembly during ablation propagates substantially in the same direction as the direction of travel of the ablation plume toward the receiver. A laser focus detection unit including at least one reference laser and photodetector generates at least one real-time detection signal indicative of one or more characteristics of the sample during ablation and/or of a distance from the objective to the sample stage or a surface of the sample. A controller coupled with the laser focus detection unit dynamically controls in real-time one or more parameters of the ablation laser and/or a position of the objective and/or a position of the receiver relative to the sample to improve MS imaging quality.

Swept-source Raman spectroscopy uses a tunable laser and a fixed-wavelength detector instead of a spectrometer or interferometer to perform Raman spectroscopy with the throughput advantage of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy without bulky optics or moving mirrors. Although the tunable laser can be larger and more costly than a fixed wavelength diode laser used in other Raman systems, it is possible to split and switch the laser light to multiple ports simultaneously and/or sequentially. Each site can be monitored by its own fixed-wavelength detector. This architecture can be scaled by cascading fiber switches and/or couplers between the tunable laser and measurement sites. By multiplexing measurements at different sites, it is possible to monitor many sites at once. Moreover, each site can be meters to kilometers from the tunable laser. This makes it possible to perform swept-source Raman spectroscopy at many points across a continuous flow manufacturing environment with a single laser.

Swept-source Raman spectroscopy uses a tunable laser and a fixed-wavelength detector instead of a spectrometer or interferometer to perform Raman spectroscopy with the throughput advantage of Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy without bulky optics or moving mirrors. Although the tunable laser can be larger and more costly than a fixed wavelength diode laser used in other Raman systems, it is possible to split and switch the laser light to multiple ports simultaneously and/or sequentially. Each site can be monitored by its own fixed-wavelength detector. This architecture can be scaled by cascading fiber switches and/or couplers between the tunable laser and measurement sites. By multiplexing measurements at different sites, it is possible to monitor many sites at once. Moreover, each site can be meters to kilometers from the tunable laser. This makes it possible to perform swept-source Raman spectroscopy at many points across a continuous flow manufacturing environment with a single laser.

A device for imaging one dimension nanomaterials is provided. The device includes an optical microscope with a liquid immersion objective, a laser device, and a spectrometer. The laser device is configured to provide an incident light beam with a continuous spectrum. The spectrometer is configured to obtain spectral information of the one dimensional nanomaterials.

A device for imaging one dimension nanomaterials is provided. The device includes an optical microscope with a liquid immersion objective, a laser device, and a spectrometer. The laser device is configured to provide an incident light beam with a continuous spectrum. The spectrometer is configured to obtain spectral information of the one dimensional nanomaterials.

The present invention relates to a surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate and a method of fabricating the same. More particularly, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate according to an embodiment includes a substrate; a lower plasmonic layer formed on the substrate and based on a first metal nanostructure; an oxide layer formed on the lower plasmonic layer; and an upper plasmonic layer formed on the oxide layer and based on a second metal nanostructure.

A method for characterizing or quantifying one or more proteins in visible and/or sub-visible particles formed in a sample by detecting the at least one visible or sub-visible particle in the sample, isolating and capturing the at least one visible or sub-visible particle to identify a presence of a protein, and using a mass spectrometer to characterize the protein.

A method for characterizing or quantifying one or more proteins in visible and/or sub-visible particles formed in a sample by detecting the at least one visible or sub-visible particle in the sample, isolating and capturing the at least one visible or sub-visible particle to identify a presence of a protein, and using a mass spectrometer to characterize the protein.