Provided is sensor built-in filter structure arranged in a wafer accommodation container, comprising: a first filter; a second filter arranged closer to a wafer accommodation chamber of the wafer accommodation container than to the first filter; and a gas detection sensor arranged between the first filter and the second filter to detect a state of a gas.

The disclosed pre-concentrator comprises: a base substrate having a trench; a metal layer conformally disposed along the inner surface of the trench; and a three-dimensional porous nanostructure disposed on the metal layer in the trench and having aligned pores connected to each other in three dimensions. The pre-concentrator can improve the concentration performance of a sample and the thermal desorption efficiency of a concentrated sample.

A hazardous gas monitoring system is provided. The hazardous gas monitoring system includes a panel including multiple sensing lines. Each sensing line is configured to receive and monitor an air sample. Each sensing line includes a water separator to remove condensed moisture, a coalescing filter disposed downstream of the water separator, and a flow and gas monitoring system disposed downstream of the coalescing filter. The hazardous gas monitoring system may be used to monitor the presence of hazardous gases within an enclosure, such as an enclosure for a turbomachine.

A multirotor drone comprises a main body and an air channel embedded within the main body having an air inlet on the surface of the main body, multiple propellers that induce an air flow toward the air inlet and into the air channel, a microcontroller positioned and configured to control navigation of the drone by actuation of the plurality of propellers, an air scoop having a section positioned at the outer surface of the main body adjacent to the air inlet which is adjustable so as to capture and divert air into the air inlet and air channel or to block air flow into the air inlet, and a gas sensor positioned within the air channel. The air scoop is positioned to capture air flow from at least one of the plurality of propellers into the air channel and to the gas sensor.

A gas detection system includes a first sensor unit that outputs a voltage corresponding to a concentration of a specific gas, a storage tank capable of storing a sample gas or a purge gas to be supplied to the first sensor unit, and a control unit. The control unit detects a type and a concentration of a gas contained in the sample gas on the basis of a detection result of the first sensor unit. The control unit sets a collection period during which a gas in a predetermined space is collected into the storage tank as the sample gas or the purge gas and a supply period during which the sample gas or the purge gas is supplied to the first sensor unit such that the collection period and the supply period fall in different time slots.

A gas detecting module is disclosed. A gas-inlet concave and a gas-outlet concave are formed on a sidewall of a base. A gas-inlet-groove region and a gas-outlet-groove region are formed on a surface of the base. The gas-inlet concave is in fluid communication with a gas-inlet groove of the gas-inlet-groove region, and the gas-outlet concave is in fluid communication a gas-outlet groove of the gas-outlet-groove region. The gas-inlet-groove region and the gas-outlet-groove region are covered by a thin film to achieve the effectiveness of laterally inhaling and discharging out gas relative to the gas detecting module.

Example methods and apparatuses for liquid substance vaporization and concentration level determination are provided. An example apparatus may include a constant temperature chamber having a vaporization housing that includes a capillary component disposed within and a syringe assembly configured to inject a liquid substance to the capillary component. An example method may include determining an injection rate for injecting the liquid substance to the capillary component, determining a flow rate of the gaseous substance in the vaporization housing, and calculating a concentration level of a vaporized substance based on the injection rate and the flow rate.

A detector comprising an analytical apparatus for detecting a substance of interest, and a detector inlet. The detector inlet comprises a flow passage for carrying a flow of fluid, the flow passage comprising a sampling volume, and a sampling inlet adapted to collect samples of the fluid from the sampling volume as the fluid flows past the sampling inlet, and to provide the samples to the analytical apparatus, wherein the flow of fluid carries particulates. The detector inlet also comprises a flow director arranged to vary a spatial distribution of the particulates carried by the fluid to increase a relative proportion of the particulates carried past the sampling inlet along the flow passage without entering the sampling volume.

Embodiments relate generally to a filter, for example, for attachment onto a gas detector device or a gas sensor, and attempt to improve the efficiency and service life of the filter. Embodiments typically comprise a dustproof membrane and a waterproof membrane. Some embodiments may also comprise a splash-proof cap and/or features to reduce negative pressure on the filters.

The invention relates to a device for measuring, in near-real-time, the level of black carbon, brown carbon, organic carbon, total carbon and CO.sub.2 in air. The device also provides for a direct calculation of aerosol angstrom coefficient as well as estimation of emissions rates of black carbon or brown carbon from nearby combustion sources.