Described herein are trehalose analogues. Also described herein are methods of making the trehalose analogues and uses of the analogues. For example, the disclosed trehalose analogues may be useful in the detection of bacteria.

Described herein are trehalose analogues. Also described herein are methods of making the trehalose analogues and uses of the analogues. For example, the disclosed trehalose analogues may be useful in the detection of bacteria.

A breast pump device (1) is equipped with or used in conjunction with an acoustic milk expression assessment system (6) for the purpose of obtaining an indication about a fat content of expressed milk. The acoustic milk expression assessment system (6) includes an acoustic sensor (61) and a processor (62) configured to process an acoustic signal received from the acoustic sensor (61) during operation of the breast pump device (1) when a milk receptacle (4) is used with the device (1). By recording sound during a pumping session, it is possible to determine a frequency shift in the sound of droplets falling down in the receptacle (4) and hitting a surface of the milk contained by the receptacle (4) with respect to a reference situation of a liquid having 0% fat content, which can be taken as a factor in estimating a value related to the fat content of the milk.

A breast pump device (1) is equipped with or used in conjunction with an acoustic milk expression assessment system (6) for the purpose of obtaining an indication about a fat content of expressed milk. The acoustic milk expression assessment system (6) includes an acoustic sensor (61) and a processor (62) configured to process an acoustic signal received from the acoustic sensor (61) during operation of the breast pump device (1) when a milk receptacle (4) is used with the device (1). By recording sound during a pumping session, it is possible to determine a frequency shift in the sound of droplets falling down in the receptacle (4) and hitting a surface of the milk contained by the receptacle (4) with respect to a reference situation of a liquid having 0% fat content, which can be taken as a factor in estimating a value related to the fat content of the milk.

A method for measuring one or more quantities characterizing a composition of a medium includes causing a first non-uniform spatially varying optical signal to impinge on a portion of the medium, processing a second optical signal emitted from the medium in response to the first optical signal including determining characteristics of a spatial variation of the second optical signal, and determining the one or more quantities characterizing the composition of the medium based on the characteristics of the spatial variation of the second optical signal.

A method for measuring one or more quantities characterizing a composition of a medium includes causing a first non-uniform spatially varying optical signal to impinge on a portion of the medium, processing a second optical signal emitted from the medium in response to the first optical signal including determining characteristics of a spatial variation of the second optical signal, and determining the one or more quantities characterizing the composition of the medium based on the characteristics of the spatial variation of the second optical signal.

A method of and apparatus (18) are described for assessing fat in whey in the making of a dairy product in accordance with a dairy product recipe. The method comprises the steps of: a. using one or more optical sensors (61, 62, 63, 64) to sense at least one stream (22, 24, 27, 29) of whey separated from curd in dairy product making apparatus (18) and generate one or more signals indicative of the degree of occlusion of the stream (22, 24, 27, 29) of whey; b. converting or processing one or more said signals as a measure of the specific mass of fat lost from curd in a dairy product making plant (18) in the stream of whey; c. assessing whether the value of specific mass of fat lost obtained in Step b lies within or outside a predetermined fat loss range; and d. if the said value of specific mass of fat lost is outside the predetermined range, adjusting the recipe so that the value of specific mass of fat lost lies within the predetermined range.

A method of and apparatus (18) are described for assessing fat in whey in the making of a dairy product in accordance with a dairy product recipe. The method comprises the steps of: a. using one or more optical sensors (61, 62, 63, 64) to sense at least one stream (22, 24, 27, 29) of whey separated from curd in dairy product making apparatus (18) and generate one or more signals indicative of the degree of occlusion of the stream (22, 24, 27, 29) of whey; b. converting or processing one or more said signals as a measure of the specific mass of fat lost from curd in a dairy product making plant (18) in the stream of whey; c. assessing whether the value of specific mass of fat lost obtained in Step b lies within or outside a predetermined fat loss range; and d. if the said value of specific mass of fat lost is outside the predetermined range, adjusting the recipe so that the value of specific mass of fat lost lies within the predetermined range.

A system for analyzing fluid includes a housing having first and second opposing surfaces spaced to form a fluid chamber, a light source disposed to direct light at the first surface of the housing; and a digital imaging circuit disposed to detect light at the second surface of the housing. The digital imaging circuit includes a pixel array configured to capture one or more digital images of an illuminated fluid. The system also includes a processor configured to: capture multiple digital images of the fluid at different camera exposure levels, calculate a net radiant energy value at a plurality of different integration times within at least two images, calculate a slope of the net radiant energy value with respect to integration time in a selected image, and determine size distribution and volume fraction of particles within the fluid based on the calculated slope.

A system for analyzing fluid includes a housing having first and second opposing surfaces spaced to form a fluid chamber, a light source disposed to direct light at the first surface of the housing; and a digital imaging circuit disposed to detect light at the second surface of the housing. The digital imaging circuit includes a pixel array configured to capture one or more digital images of an illuminated fluid. The system also includes a processor configured to: capture multiple digital images of the fluid at different camera exposure levels, calculate a net radiant energy value at a plurality of different integration times within at least two images, calculate a slope of the net radiant energy value with respect to integration time in a selected image, and determine size distribution and volume fraction of particles within the fluid based on the calculated slope.