A sample analysis appliance for the analysis of a sample solution, in particular of contaminated water or of waste water, with a reaction vessel for the thermal digestion of a portioned sample of the sample solution to be analyzed. The reaction vessel has an injection port for the introduction of the sample into the reaction vessel, at least one sample solution storage vessel for the device-internal storage of sample solution, and an injection syringe device which is movable between the sample solution storage vessel and the reaction vessel and which can be controlled to collect the sample from the sample solution storage vessel and introduce the sample into the injection port of the reaction vessel. At least one first and one second sample solution storage vessel are provided, and the second sample solution storage vessel is designed for the production and storage of diluted sample solution, and the injection syringe device is designed to introduce sample solution, collected from the first sample solution storage vessel, optionally into the second sample solution storage vessel for producing the diluted sample solution.

A method and system of providing ultrapure water for semiconductor fabrication operations is provided. The water is treated by utilizing a free radical scavenging system. The free radical scavenging system can utilize actinic radiation with a free radical precursor compound, such as ammonium persulfate. The ultrapure water may be further treated by utilizing ion exchange media and degasification apparatus. A control system can be utilized to regulate a continuously variable intensity of the actinic radiation.

A water quality analyzer includes: a sample reservoir (20) including a first storage container (22) configured to temporarily store sample water supplied from a sample water source, and a discharge mechanism (24) configured to discharge the sample water to an outside of the first storage container (22); at least one second storage container (32) provided as a container different from the first storage container (22) for storing the sample water; a measurement device (10) including a measurement cell (12) for accommodating sample water, the measurement device (12) being configured to obtain a measured value of a physical quantity related to the sample water accommodated in the measurement cell (12); a pump (2) configured to suction and discharge a liquid, wherein the pump (2) is fluidly connected to any one of the first storage container (22), the second storage container (32), and the measurement cell (12) selectively; a switching device (4;6) configured to switch fluidly connection of the pump (2) with the first storage container (22), the second storage container (22) and the measurement cell (12); a determination part (40) configured to determine whether the measured value is normal or abnormal by comparing the measured value with a preset threshold; a measurement controller (38) configured to transfer the sample water stored in the first storage container (22) to the measurement cell (12) using the pump (2) by controlling an operation of the pump (2) and an operation of the switching device (4;6); a first storage controller (42) configured to control an operation of the sample reservoir (20), wherein the first storage controller (42) is configured, after a portion of the sample water stored in the first storage container (22) is supplied to the measurement cell (12) by the pump (2), to make the sample water in the first storage container (22) to remain in the first storage container (22) until the determination part determines the measured value of the sample water which has supplied to the measurement cell (12), and wherein the first storage controller (42) is configured to discharge the sample water remaining in the first storage container (22) to the outside of the first storage container (22) in a case where the determination part (40) determines that the measured value obtained by the measurement device (10) is normal; and a second storage controller (44) con

An apparatus for determining the content of at least one oxidizable constituent of an aqueous, liquid sample, comprising a high temperature reactor for decomposing the liquid sample and forming a gaseous mixture, which contains at least the constituent as a gaseous oxide, wherein the high temperature reactor has a liquid inlet for delivery of the liquid sample and a gas inlet for delivery of a carrier gas, and is connected via a gas discharge with an analysis chamber, wherein a condensing unit is placed in front of the analysis chamber for condensing water from the gas mixture, wherein, during operation of the apparatus, a gas stream of the carrier gas with the gas mixture of the high temperature reactor passes via the gas discharge and the condensing unit into the analysis chamber, and wherein, between the gas discharge and the condensing unit, a heatable filter unit is interposed for removal of salts and/or metal oxides from the gas mixture, and the gas discharge, the filter unit and optionally connecting elements arranged between gas discharge and filter unit are thermally insulated and/or equipped with heating elements in such a manner that their temperature during operation of the apparatus is settable to more than 100 C.

Disclosed is an enhancement of a carbon sequestration process and method for calculating the quantity of atmospheric carbon sequestration manifested by enhanced oceanic photosynthetic productivity through the process of Iron fertilization. This method and process comprises (1) defining a project boundary, (2) obtaining certain baseline measurements, metrics and observations within and beyond the project boundary, (3) applying an Iron compound within the project boundary to enhance photosynthesis, (4) obtaining certain measurements, metrics and observations within and adjacent to the project boundary prior to and after the introduction of Iron compound and last, (5) applying a method based on the measurements from steps 2 and 4 to determine the net quantity of atmospheric carbon that is sequestered.

An apparatus is disclosed for measuring the total organic content of an aqueous stream. The apparatus comprises a platinum electrode for measuring CO.sub.2 in an aqueous stream. Methods for measuring the total organic content of an aqueous stream are also disclosed. The methods comprise providing an aqueous stream with oxidized organics therein; providing a platinum electrode, contacting the aqueous stream with the platinum electrode; applying cathodic potential followed by an anodic voltammetric sweep to the platinum electrode, and measuring the amperometric response of the platinum electrode. An apparatus for oxidizing organics in aqueous stream in an aqueous stream is also disclosed.

A measurement device includes an image capture control unit that causes an image capture unit to capture an image of a predetermined image capture range in water, and a carbon amount estimation unit that estimates an amount of carbon based on the image captured by the image capture unit.

The present invention relates generally to the generation of steam via the use of a combustion process to produce heat and, in one embodiment, to a device, system and/or method that enables one to control one or more process parameters of a combustion process so as to yield at least one desirable change in at least one downstream parameter. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a system and/or method for controlling at least one process parameter of a combustion process so as to yield at least one desirable change in at least one downstream process parameter associated with one or more of a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) unit, a particulate collection device and/or control of additives thereto and/or a nitrogen oxide control device and/or control of additives thereto and/or additives to the system.

Provided is a water quality analysis device capable of keeping the device in a clean state without leaving an operation at the time of device power supply activation to an operator and without wasting time and wash water. The water quality analysis device is configured such that: a memory 21 capable of storing a stored content in a cut-off state of the device power supply is provided; the states of the vessels, such as an IC reactor 1 and a TC reactor 2, in which sample water is injected at the time of an analysis operation are sequentially stored in the memory 21; contents of the memory 21 are read at the time of the device power supply activation; and a cleaning operation is automatically executed according to prescribed procedures with the states read for each reactor 1 and 2 as a starting point. Thus, even after the power supply interruption due to, e.g., power outage, the device is kept in a clean state with minimum necessary operations.

Methods for enhanced oil recovery from subterranean formations by treating a produced water prior to injection into the subterranean hydrocarbon reservoir and manipulating produced water compositions to increase the rate and/or amount of oil that is recovered from producing wells and/or a hydrocarbon reservoir. The treatment of the produced water can increase the pH of the water from about 0.75 to about 2.0.