The present invention relates to the field of surface water monitoring. More specifically, the present invention provides low-cost, real-time bio-electrochemical sensors for surface water monitoring based on the metabolism of one or more electrogenic microbes.

The present invention provides a culture medium and use thereof in water toxicity colorimetric detection. The culture medium comprises glucose, peptone, NaCl, a beef extract, and a ferric salt. The solubility of the ferric salt in water is not high, such that part of the ferric salt remains resuspended in a solution along with cultured bacteria to continuously release Fe.sup.3+ after centrifugation and washing, thereby successfully constructing a water toxicity colorimetric detection sensor which is simple, environment-friendly, and visible to naked eyes.

A reservoir area water bloom rapid monitoring method and a device based on unmanned aerial vehicle swarm coordination are provided. Through the local updating quantification technology, the communication volume between UAV and central server is compressed and the communication efficiency of federated learning is optimized on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the reservoir area water bloom monitoring model. The local update quantification defines the loss function queue for UAV, and uses the ratio of historical and current loss functions to reasonably quantify the upstream model update. According to the disclosure, the problems that pictures collected by unmanned aerial vehicle swarm are difficult to upload in large quantities, the communication volume required for reservoir area water bloom monitoring is too large, and the reservoir area water bloom monitoring model converges slowly due to frequent communication are solved.

The present disclosure relates to a sensor for monitoring metabolic activity of a population of exo-electrogenic bacteria in response to one or more agents in oxygenated water or wastewater in a water or wastewater treatment system. The sensor comprises: at least one electrode pair comprising an anode and a cathode, the anode in electrical communication with the exo-electrogenic bacteria for receiving electrons therefrom; a current sensor for measuring electron flow between the anode and the cathode and producing an electrical output that correlates with metabolic activity of the exo-electrogenic bacteria; and a power source in electrical communication with the electrode pair for delivering a voltage across the electrode pair. A method, system, and exo-electrogenic bacteria used for monitoring and/or controlling one or more agents in oxygenated water or wastewater is also provided.

A sensor for gas species in water includes two membranes separating first, second and third chambers. The first and second chambers are separated by an ion exchange membrane, and the second and third chambers are separated by a gas permeable membrane. Water electrolysis in the first and second chambers provides analyte-ions corresponding to an analyte being detected that pass through the ion exchange membrane from the first chamber to the second chamber. Within the second chamber, these analyte-ions generate analyte via the electrolysis. Analyte in the second chamber passes through the gas permeable membrane to arrive at the third chamber. Within the third chamber, the analyte-ion is generated chemically from the analyte. Electrical detection of the analyte-ion in the third chamber provides sensing of the analyte present in the first chamber.

A method for high-throughput determination of whole water toxicity, including: exposing test organisms in a wastewater sample for pollution, obtaining phenotypic feature data of the test organisms; constructing a toxicity matrix; and building a machine learning model, and in combination with the toxicity matrix, determining a whole toxicity of the wastewater sample.

The present invention relates to a device and a method capable of measuring turbidity of water used in home appliances, the device comprising: a fluid storage part comprising a reflector; a first light source that emits light to the fluid inside the fluid storage part; a first light receiving part that receives scattered light scattered by suspended particles in the fluid; and a control part that measures the turbidity of the fluid by controlling the first light source and the first light receiving part, wherein the first light source and the first light receiving part are positioned to be spaced apart from each other at a predetermined angle around the fluid storage part in the vicinity of the fluid storage part, and wherein, among surfaces of the fluid storage part, the reflector may be positioned between a first surface facing the first light source and a second surface facing the first light receiving part.