A method for determining when to change a lubricating fluid flowing within an apparatus includes monitoring the lubricating fluid flowing within the apparatus by passing radiation through the lubricating fluid from a radiation source. The lubricating fluid is analyzed for a presence of particles in the lubricating fluid based on the radiation passing through the lubricating fluid. A concentration of the particles in the lubricating fluid is determined when the presence of particles is detected. An alert to change the lubricating fluid is generated when the concentration of particles in the lubricating fluid exceeds a threshold.

A method for determining when to change a lubricating fluid flowing within an apparatus includes monitoring the lubricating fluid flowing within the apparatus by passing radiation through the lubricating fluid from a radiation source. The lubricating fluid is analyzed for a presence of particles in the lubricating fluid based on the radiation passing through the lubricating fluid. A concentration of the particles in the lubricating fluid is determined when the presence of particles is detected. An alert to change the lubricating fluid is generated when the concentration of particles in the lubricating fluid exceeds a threshold.

The invention relates to a traction or friction measuring apparatus and method of calibration. The apparatus comprising a flat disc traction surface; a spherical ball traction surface constructed and arranged to, in use, contact said disc traction surface; a support structure constructed and arranged to support said disc and ball traction surfaces with respect to one another whilst allowing relative rotational movement therebetween; about an axis, the disc drive means and ball drive operable to effect the relative movement between said disc and ball traction surfaces and include disc speed measuring means and ball speed measuring means, and thereby to generate a traction or friction force therebetween; and force measuring means associated with at least said disc and ball traction surfaces to provide a force measurement arising from said traction or friction force and that measurement of the ball speed and the disc speed can be made at a point of pure rolling between the ball and disc in order to accurately determine the disc track radius based on the known ball track radius. The method comprises the following steps: a. steadily increasing the disc speed and reduce the ball speed (or vice versa) in such a way as to ensure that at some point the speeds pass through a point where the disc and ball are in pure rolling, b. plotting traction force against the slide/roll ratio (SRR), c. observing and recording the values of the motor speeds that correspond to the point of transition from positive to negative (or negative to positive) traction force as the contact passes through pure rolling contact, and, d. determining the disc track radius (DTR) based on the formula: DTR=Ball speed×ball track radius/Disc speed.

Provided is a diagnosis technique with high reliability when a state of lubricating oil of a rotary machine such as a wind power generator is diagnosed by a state monitoring sensor. A diagnosis system of lubricating oil includes a lubricating oil utilization device, a lubricating oil tank for storing lubricating oil to be supplied to the lubricating oil utilization device, and a sensor which measures characteristics of the lubricating oil. In this system, the state of the lubricating oil is diagnosed by using sensor data obtained after a time required for air bubbles in the lubricating oil generated at the time of use of the device disappear elapses since the lubricating oil utilization device is regularly or irregularly stopped.

Provided is a diagnosis technique with high reliability when a state of lubricating oil of a rotary machine such as a wind power generator is diagnosed by a state monitoring sensor. A diagnosis system of lubricating oil includes a lubricating oil utilization device, a lubricating oil tank for storing lubricating oil to be supplied to the lubricating oil utilization device, and a sensor which measures characteristics of the lubricating oil. In this system, the state of the lubricating oil is diagnosed by using sensor data obtained after a time required for air bubbles in the lubricating oil generated at the time of use of the device disappear elapses since the lubricating oil utilization device is regularly or irregularly stopped.

A sensor having a sensor head including a unibody construction, a first electrode, and at least one second electrode is provided. The first electrode can include a first pair of sensing elements coupled to each over via at least one bridge element extending from a first sensing element to a second sensing element. The at least one second electrode can include a second pair of sensing elements interleaved with the first pair of sensing elements. The second pair of sensing elements can be coupled to each other via at least one second bridge element extending from a third sensing element to a fourth sensing element. A method of manufacturing the sensor is also provided.

Disclosed is a method for dosing iron ions, by spectrophotometry, especially ferric and ferrous ions, contained in a used lubricating composition, especially a lubricating composition of a marine engine. The invention also relates to a kit for implementing the method.

Disclosed is a method for dosing iron ions, by spectrophotometry, especially ferric and ferrous ions, contained in a used lubricating composition, especially a lubricating composition of a marine engine. The invention also relates to a kit for implementing the method.

A sensor having a sensor head including a unibody construction, a first electrode, and at least one second electrode is provided. The first electrode can include a first pair of sensing elements coupled to each over via at least one bridge element extending from a first sensing element to a second sensing element. The at least one second electrode can include a second pair of sensing elements interleaved with the first pair of sensing elements. The second pair of sensing elements can be coupled to each other via at least one second bridge element extending from a third sensing element to a fourth sensing element. A method of manufacturing the sensor is also provided.

For checking engine oil, especially containing rate of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester), we provide a measuring device including a cylindrical and upright analysis vessel having a reading scale with which a surface boundary is measured. In the vessel, the engine oil is mixed with reagents including alcohol(s) and a demulsifier. And the decreased volume is checked as volume of the FAME contained in the engine oil.