An active remote sensing system is provided with an array of laser diodes that generate light directed to an object having one or more optical wavelengths that include at least one near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers. One of the laser diodes pulses with pulse duration of approximately 0.5 to 2 nanoseconds at repetition rate between one kilohertz and about 100 megahertz. A beam splitter receives the laser light, separates the light into a plurality of spatially separated lights and directs the lights to the object. A detection system includes a photodiode array synchronized to the array of laser diodes and performs a time-of-flight measurement by measuring a temporal distribution of photons received from the object. The time-of-flight measurement is combined with images from a camera system, and the remote sensing system is configured to be coupled to a wearable device, a smart phone or a tablet.

An optical system measures one or more physiological parameters with a wearable device that includes a light emitting diode (LED) source including a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that generate an output optical light. One or more lenses deliver a lens output light to tissue of a user. A detection system receives at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and generates an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio. The detection system comprises a plurality of spatially separated detectors and an analog to digital converter. The detection system increases the signal-to-noised ratio by comparing a first signal with the LEDs off to a second signal with the LEDs on. An imaging system including a Bragg reflector is pulsed and has a near infrared wavelength. A beam splitter splits the light into a sample arm and a reference arm to measure time-of-flight.

An apparatus includes an optical emitter configured to emit a first optical signal along an optical path towards a target object in an outdoor environment. The apparatus includes an optical detector positioned collinearly with respect to the optical emitter. The optical detector is configured to detect a second optical signal that is retro-reflected from the target object. The apparatus includes a lock-in amplifier coupled to the optical detector. The lock-in amplifier is configured to generate, based on the first optical signal and the second optical signal, a signal indicative of a retro-reflectivity of the target object in the outdoor environment.

Disclosed is a mobile instrument assembly comprising: a housing for accommodating one or more components of an instrument; one or more wheels for mobility of the instrument assembly; and a mounting assembly comprising: a support plate that is moveable with respect to the housing between retracted position and one or more extracted positions and that comprises, in its distal end, a pair of protrusions projecting from a surface of the support plate, wherein in the retracted position the support plate is substantially unexposed from the housing, and in each of the one or more extracted positions the support plate extends from the housing to respective extent such that perimeter of the housing and the pair of protrusions define a circular area of respective predefined diameter to allow for mounting a pressure vessel of corresponding size on the support plate between the perimeter of the housing and the pair of protrusions.

An apparatus is provided which includes a processing circuit and a plurality of sensors connected to a vehicle, where at least one of the plurality of sensors is positioned on an undercarriage of the vehicle. The plurality of sensors can detect variations in a road on which the vehicle is traveling. The plurality of sensors can also generate information corresponding to the variations of the road. The plurality of sensors can also transmit the information corresponding to the variations in the road to the processing circuit. The information collected by the plurality of sensors may then be used to augment a driving capability of the vehicle.

The apparatus (1) for agricultural crop analysis, comprises: a light source (2) for sending light radiation towards a crop; a plurality of sensors (21) for acquiring light radiation reflected by the crop and a plurality of filtering elements (22) adapted to enable complete passage only of light having frequencies within a predetermined passband. The filtering elements (22) have passbands that differ from each other and each filtering element (22) is functionally coupled with a respective sensor (21) in such a manner that the latter receives only light radiation that has traversed the former.

A device for determining a surface state of a roadway traveled or to be traveled by a vehicle, wherein the device comprises at least one light source for emitting primary light in the direction of the roadway traveled or to be traveled; at least one detector device for detecting secondary light that has been reflected and/or scattered by the roadway traveled or to be traveled; and an evaluation unit configured to emit, on the basis of the secondary light detected, the surface state of the roadway traveled or to be traveled by the vehicle. The essence of the invention is that the device furthermore comprises at least one first semiconductor chip, wherein at least two diodes are arranged on the at least one first semiconductor chip.

A work vehicle configured to carry out work travel in a pasture land where harvested pasture grass 1 is present, the work vehicle having a quality determination device 20 configured to determine quality of the pasture grass 1 in the course of the work traveling. The quality determination device 20 includes a cylindrical grass sending tube 21, a grass taking section 22 configured to feed at least a portion of the pasture grass 1 left in the pasture land to an inside of the grass sending tube 21 via a first end of the grass sending tube 21 and a quality determination instrument 9 configured to determine quality of the pasture grass 1 compressed inside the grass sending tube 21.

A vehicle and a method of managing cleanliness of an interior of the vehicle that are capable of detecting whether the interior of the vehicle has been contaminated and managing detection information. The method of managing the cleanliness of the interior of the vehicle includes detecting indoor contamination using a contamination detector including at least a camera, analyzing indoor cleanliness based on the result of the detecting, and outputting guidance information based on the analyzed indoor cleanliness. The detecting the indoor contamination includes detecting at least one object in an indoor region of the vehicle subjected to contamination detection and detecting whether contamination has occurred in the indoor region subjected to contamination detection other than a region in which the at least one object is detected.

A concentration sensor 36 is disposed behind a wheel 22, and for sensing salinity concentration of water bounced up by the wheel 22. A front nozzle 34 is disposed ahead the wheel 22, and for sprinkling water toward an area of the road surface on which the wheel 22 is to pass. A rear nozzle 35 is disposed between the wheel 22 and the front nozzle 34, and for sprinkling water toward the wheel.