A gas measurement system as disclosed can include a coherent light source, which emits a light beam; a detector; a beam path formed between the light source) and the detector; and a gas cell arranged in the beam path such that the detector receives light transmitted through the gas cell. The gas cell can include a porous ceramic and have an optical path length which is a multiple of the actual layer thickness of the gas cell. A optical element can be arranged in the beam path between the light source and the gas cell with the light beam emitted by the light being widened and unfocussed as the light beam enters the gas cell.

Additive manufacturing, such as laser sintering or melting of additive layers, can produce parts rapidly at small volume and in a factory setting. To ensure the additive manufactured parts are of high quality, a real-time non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique is required to detect defects while they are being manufactured. The present invention describes an in-situ (real-time) inspection unit that can be added to an existing additive manufacturing (AM) tool, such as an FDM (fused deposition modeling) machine, or a direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) machine, providing real-time information about the part quality, and detecting flaws as they occur. The information provided by this unit is used to a) qualify the part as it is being made, and b) to provide feedback to the AM tool for correction, or to stop the process if the part will not meet the quality, thus saving time, energy and reduce material loss.

In some embodiments, apparatuses and methods are provided herein useful to determining a flavor profile for an item. In some embodiments, a computing system for determining a flavor profile of an item comprises a memory device storing computer-executable instructions and a processor configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to obtain a spectral profile associated with the item, identify at least one attribute value for at least one attribute of the item based on the received spectral profile, determine a flavor score for the item based on the at least one attribute value, obtain time series data associated with the item corresponding to a number of days, calculate a predicted flavor score for the item relative to the number of days based on the received time series data, and generate a flavor profile for the item based at least on the predicted flavor score.

A method is disclosed. The method may include generating a first optical image of a sample with a first inspection sub-system. The first optical image may be generated when a first set of photoluminescent markers are emitting photoluminescent illumination at a first time interval. The method may include generating additional optical images with an additional inspection sub-system. The additional optical images may be generated when additional photoluminescent markers are emitting photoluminescent illumination at additional time intervals. The method may include generating an accumulated optical image based on the first optical image and the additional optical images. The method may include determining a location of the photoluminescent markers based on the accumulated optical image. The method may include determining a pattern of the sample based on the determined location of the photoluminescent markers.

A light sheet imaging system, such as a light sheet microscope, comprises an illumination arrangement for generating a light sheet for three-photon excitation of a fluorescent sample, and a fluorescence collection arrangement for collecting fluorescence generated in the sample as a result of three-photon excitation by the light sheet. The light sheet may be a non-diffractive, propagation-invariant light sheet. The light sheet may be formed from and/or comprise a Bessel beam. A method of light sheet imaging comprises using a light sheet for three-photon excitation of a fluorescent sample, and collecting fluorescence generated in the sample as a result of three-photon excitation of the sample by the light sheet. Such a method may be used for light sheet microscopy.

Some examples herein include systems and methods of creating standards of gemstones of various classifications, which may display certain characteristics of the various classifications when excited by ultraviolet radiation and fluoresce in response. In some examples, a set of standards are created using fluorescent material, filters, and a radiation source to compare against a sample gemstone. In some examples, specific Light Emitting Diodes are selected to illuminate the gemstone samples under analysis.

The invention relates to an apparatus for probing a sample comprising a light source for emitting an illuminating light beam, a birefringent element for splitting the illuminating light beam into two sheared beams, a reflective element for reflecting the two sheared beams, wherein the apparatus is configured such that the reflected beams propagate through the birefringent element for recombining the reflected beams, and a detector for detecting the recombined beam, wherein the sample is arrangeable in the optical path of the sheared beams or at the backside of a reflective surface in the optical path of the sheared beams, the reflective surface exhibiting a surface plasmon resonance or a localized surface plasmon resonance.

A method for true-to-sample measurement by a mobile ingredient analysis system having a housing with a window, an interface for an external reference unit, a display and operating unit, a light source, an optical spectrometer, a camera, an internal reference unit, and an electronic control unit. The method includes: selecting a calibration product suitable for a sample to be examined; performing a plausibility check of the calibration product, an incorrect selection being signaled and an alternative calibration product being selected; outputting measurement conditions comprising the measurement point to be selected and measurement duration for the selected calibration product; capturing measured values of the sample by the spectrometer under the measurement conditions and with simultaneous monitoring of the measurement conditions; processing the captured measured values by means of an electronic control unit, each measured value captured while the measurement conditions were met being declared valid; outputting the measured values deemed valid.

The light extraction device, the detection equipment and the operation method thereof are provided. The light extraction device includes at least one light splitting unit, each of the at least one light splitting unit includes a color separation grating, configured to separate light incident on the color separation grating into a plurality of light beams that are collimated and propagated in different directions and have different colors; a first lens, disposed corresponding to the color separation grating and configured to converge the plurality of light beams; and a first pinhole, located on a side of the first lens away from the color separation grating and correspondingly arranged with the first lens. The first lens is configured to converge a light beam having a preset color in the plurality of light beams to the first pinhole and allow the light beam having the preset color to exit.

Additive manufacturing, such as laser sintering or melting of additive layers, can produce parts rapidly at small volume and in a factory setting. To ensure the additive manufactured parts are of high quality, a real-time non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique is required to detect defects while they are being manufactured. The present invention describes an in-situ (real-time) inspection unit that can be added to an existing additive manufacturing (AM) tool, such as an FDM (fused deposition modeling) machine, or a direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) machine, providing real-time information about the part quality, and detecting flaws as they occur. The information provided by this unit is used to a) qualify the part as it is being made, and b) to provide feedback to the AM tool for correction, or to stop the process if the part will not meet the quality, thus saving time, energy and reduce material loss.