A minimally invasive surgical system is disclosed including a processor coupled to a stereoscopic endoscope and a stereoscopic video display device. The processor generates an operative image of an anatomic structure in the surgical site, overlays the operative image onto the captured stereo video images for display on the stereoscopic video display device, generates and overlays a pointer onto the operative image or the captured stereo video images to display the pointer on the stereoscopic video display device with a three dimensional appearance, and switches between a first mode for input devices of a surgeon console used to couple motion into surgical instruments and a second mode used to control an interactive graphical user interface to allow interactions with the pointer and the operative image in three dimensions using input devices having at least three degrees of freedom.

An imaging optical system according to the present disclosure includes: a lens; and an optical member, in which the optical member is configured such that a light transmittance value at least in a peripheral portion is larger than a light transmittance value in a central portion. Furthermore, a camera module according to the present disclosure includes the imaging optical system of the present disclosure. Furthermore, an electronic device according to the present disclosure includes a solid-state imaging element and the imaging optical system of the present disclosure.

Systems and methods are provided for preparation of orthodontics and prosthodontics. A method may include scanning a patient's teeth to form first 3D data of the patient's teeth including a removable element that obscures part of the dental surfaces of the patient's teeth and non-obscured tooth surfaces, removing the removable element form the patient's teeth so that the removable element no longer obscures the part of the dental surfaces of the patient's teeth, and scanning the previously obscured part of the dental surfaces of the patent's teeth and the non-obscured tooth surfaces.

A surgical device includes a plurality of cameras integrated therein. The view of each of the plurality of cameras can be integrated together to provide a composite image. A surgical tool that includes an integrated camera may be used in conjunction with the surgical device. The image produced by the camera integrated with the surgical tool may be associated with the composite image generated by the plurality of cameras integrated in the surgical device. The position and orientation of the cameras and/or the surgical tool can be tracked, and the surgical tool can be rendered as transparent on the composite image. A surgical device may be powered by a hydraulic system, thereby reducing electromagnetic interference with tracking devices.

Methods and systems for navigating to a target through a patient's bronchial tree are disclosed including a bronchoscope, a probe insertable into a working channel of the bronchoscope and including a location sensor, and a workstation in operative communication with the probe and the bronchoscope, the workstation including a user interface that guides a user through a navigation plan and is configured to present a central navigation view including a plurality of views configured for assisting the user in navigating the bronchoscope through central airways of the patient's bronchial tree toward the target, a peripheral navigation view including a plurality of views configured for assisting the user in navigating the probe through peripheral airways of the patient's bronchial tree to the target, and a target alignment view including a plurality of views configured for assisting the user in aligning a distal tip of the probe with the target.

A modular video imaging system, and more particularly, a modular video imaging system having a control module connectable to multiple input modules. The input modules each capable of receiving differing types of image data from different types of cameras and processing the image data into a format recognizable by the control module. The control unit providing general functions such as user interface and general image processing that is not camera specific.

Provided is an medical information processing apparatus including processing circuitry that, based on surgical situation information concerning surgical characteristics at a time of observing an interior of a living body, selects at least one of a plurality of biological images each having a different wavelength range or at least one of secondary images generated from the plurality of biological images each having a different wavelength range, as a recommended image.

A measurement processing device includes an imaging unit, an image acquisition unit, a display unit, a measurement point display control unit, a corresponding-point calculation unit, a corresponding-point image generation unit, and a corresponding-point image display control unit. The measurement point display control unit causes a measurement point indicating a measurement position designated by a user to be displayed on a first image. The corresponding-point image generation unit generates a corresponding-point image that includes the corresponding point calculated by the corresponding-point calculation unit and a region in the vicinity of the corresponding point in the second image and is constituted of all or a part of the second image. The corresponding-point image display control unit causes the corresponding-point image to be displayed so that a straight line passing through the measurement point and the corresponding point is orthogonal to the parallax direction on a display screen.

A distance measuring system includes a light source unit that emits infrared light toward a target object, a light receiving unit that receives the infrared light from the target object, and an arithmetic processing unit that obtains information regarding a distance to the target object on the basis of data from the light receiving unit, in which an optical member including a bandpass filter that is selectively transparent to infrared light in a predetermined wavelength range is arranged on a light receiving surface side of the light receiving unit, and the bandpass filter has a concave-shaped light incident surface.

Communication apparatus and devices for surgical robotic systems are described. The communication apparatus can include a user console in communication with a communication device having a surgical tool. The communication device can include a microphone to convert a sound input into an acoustic input signal. The communication device can transmit the acoustic input signal to the user console for reproduction as a sound output for a remote operator. The surgical tool can include an endoscope having several microphones mounted on a housing. The surgical tool can be a sterile barrier having a microphone and a drape. The microphone(s) of the surgical tools can face a surrounding environment such that a tableside staff is a source of the sound input that causes the sound output, and a surgeon and the tableside staff can communicate in a noisy environment. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.