Systems and Methods for monitoring characteristics of a water sample taken from a water facility (WF), by using a first light source emitting light at a first wavelength, and an additional light source, emitting light at an additional wavelength which is distinctly different from the first wavelength; for each light source, performing a measurement of the water sample, using an optical sensor outputting updated sensor data and a spectral detector, outputting updated detector data; and determining adjustment properties for adjustment of an analysis model, used for ongoing determination of water characteristics such as the water turbidity level, based on comparison between the measurements for each of the light sources.

Provided is an ultrasonic liquid concentration detecting device including a vibrating structure, a bubble removing structure, and an ultrasonic detecting main body. The vibrating structure is disposed at the bottom of the ultrasonic detecting main body and is configured to buffer a shock received by the ultrasonic detecting main body. The bubble removing structure is disposed on the ultrasonic detecting main body and is configured to accelerate the flow rate of a liquid. The ultrasonic detecting main body is configured to detect a concentration of the liquid. Further provided are a bubble removing device and a vibrating structure for an ultrasonic liquid concentration detecting device.

A water hardness mitigation or treatment evaluation system includes a first quartz crystal microbalance cell and a fluid coupling adapted to be fluidly coupled to a pre-treated water to be flowed over a first quartz crystal. A second quartz crystal microbalance cell and a fluid coupling are adapted to be fluidly coupled to a post-treated water to be flowed over a second quartz crystal. A computer processor receives a first frequency data from the first quartz crystal and a second frequency data from the second quartz crystal and based on a difference of frequency over time between the first frequency data and the second frequency data, provides an indication of an effectiveness of a water hardness mitigation or treatment component or system. A method to evaluate and effectiveness of a water hardness mitigation or treatment evaluation system is also described.

A housing assembly for a fluid sensor assembly includes a housing having a first and second sensing volumes. A fluid port attached to the housing has a porous membrane covering first and second fluid apertures. The first sensing volume included a vertically-oriented waveguide and is fluidly coupled to an exterior of the housing through the first fluid aperture, where the first aperture port has an area smaller than an area of a cross section of the waveguide. The second sensing volume is coupled to the exterior of the housing through the second fluid aperture, the second fluid aperture having an area larger than a cross section of the second sensing volume. While the first sensing volume and the second sensing volume are both in fluid communication with an exterior of the housing, the fluid port and porous membrane internally isolate the first sensing volume from the second sensing volume.

An ultrasonic sensing apparatus includes an accommodating shell and at least one detection device. The accommodating shell includes a base and a convex portion connected to the base. A side of the base has a first detection opening toward a first direction, and a side of the convex portion has a second detection opening toward a second direction. Each of the at least one detection device is disposed in the base or the convex portion of the accommodating shell and includes a board, a piezoelectric assembly, a housing and a plurality of fixing members. The plurality of fixing members are configured to fix the board on the top wall of the housing to press the board to the encapsulating body of the piezoelectric assembly, thereby pressing the piezoelectric sheet to the bottom wall.

A breast pump device (1) is equipped with or used in conjunction with an acoustic milk expression assessment system (6) for the purpose of obtaining an indication about a fat content of expressed milk. The acoustic milk expression assessment system (6) includes an acoustic sensor (61) and a processor (62) configured to process an acoustic signal received from the acoustic sensor (61) during operation of the breast pump device (1) when a milk receptacle (4) is used with the device (1). By recording sound during a pumping session, it is possible to determine a frequency shift in the sound of droplets falling down in the receptacle (4) and hitting a surface of the milk contained by the receptacle (4) with respect to a reference situation of a liquid having 0% fat content, which can be taken as a factor in estimating a value related to the fat content of the milk.

Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a method that may include identifying at least one metric for a fluid flowing through a line from a vessel to a dispenser. The method may include identifying a reference value for the at least one metric for the fluid. The method may include performing an analysis of the fluid based on the at least one metric for the fluid. The method may include comparing results of the analysis with the reference value. The method may include performing at least one action based on determining that there has been a change in the at least one metric relative to the reference value.

A system for determining a water cut of a water/oil emulsion includes a water cut sensor with a magnetoelastic ribbon, an inductive coil arranged proximate to the magnetoelastic ribbon so that an electromagnetic field produced by the inductive coil electromagnetically excites the magnetoelastic ribbon, and an alternating current source. A processor is configured to determine the water cut of the water/oil emulsion based on a resonant frequency of the magnetoelastic ribbon while the magnetoelastic ribbon is excited by the inductive coil. A feed line is coupled to the water cut sensor. The feed line includes an electrical coupling between the alternating current source and the inductive coil of the water cut sensor. The feedline includes an electrical coupling between the processor and the inductive coil of the water cut sensor or the processor is coupled to an acoustic sensor.

A frequency sensor comprises a surface functionalized with a reactant sensitive to an analyte and a vibration detector coupled to the functional surface to detect a frequency of a fluid having the analyte and located on the functional surface during vibration thereof. The frequency sensor comprises a measurement circuitry coupled to the vibration detector to determine a frequency shift over time of the detected frequency, wherein the frequency shift corresponds to the presence of the analyte which has reacted with the reactant.

A system for determining a water cut of a water/oil emulsion includes a water cut sensor with a magnetoelastic ribbon, an inductive coil arranged proximate to the magnetoelastic ribbon so that an electromagnetic field produced by the inductive coil electromagnetically excites the magnetoelastic ribbon, and an alternating current source. A processor is configured to determine the water cut of the water/oil emulsion based on a resonant frequency of the magnetoelastic ribbon while the magnetoelastic ribbon is excited by the inductive coil. A feed line is coupled to the water cut sensor. The feed line includes an electrical coupling between the alternating current source and the inductive coil of the water cut sensor. The feedline includes an electrical coupling between the processor and the inductive coil of the water cut sensor or the processor is coupled to an acoustic sensor.