A method of improving the measurement accuracy of a digital ice rate sensor by providing an enhanced surface finish on a magnetostrictive oscillator detector probe by measuring the surface roughness of the detector probe, comparing the measured value to a critical value, and authorizing the probe for use in the digital ice rate sensor if surface roughness is within the critical value. Surface roughness may be measured optically or with a surface profilometer. Remedial steps taken if surface roughness is not within the critical value include reworking the probe surface finish and investigating the manufacturing process.

Process to monitor unwanted formation of a polymer, having internal mechanical strain, wherein said formation of polymer generates acoustic emissions due to the sudden break of the polymer, wherein the number of said acoustic emissions increases over time when there is formation of said unwanted polymer formation, wherein said acoustic emissions is detected by a resonant piezo electric transducer having a resonant frequency centred on the second harmonic of said acoustic emission.

The present invention relates to a freeze detector (10) for a pipe or container (20) being adapted for holding and transporting water or water containing liquids, said freeze detector (1) comprising a microphone housing (13), comprising a microphone (11), adapted to be mounted on an outside surface (22) of said pipe or container (20), and adapted to receive sound from within said pipe or container (20), said sound forming an acoustic pattern, an attachment member (15) for attaching said microphone (11) to said pipe, and an processing unit(16) adapted to receive, process and analyze the acoustic pattern of the sound transmitted by the microphone and to be activated when at least one predetermined threshold value (T.sub.freeze) is detected in the acoustic pattern received by said microphone (11), wherein said threshold value (T.sub.freeze) indicates local freezing of said water or water containing liquids inside said pipe or container (20).

A method for determining an ultraviolet (UV) cure level of a material is disclosed. For example, the method includes receiving an object with the material that is cured via a UV light source, controlling a heat source to heat the material, measuring a parameter of the material in response to the heat, determining the UV cure level of the material based on the parameter that is measured and a predefined response of the material at a temperature associated with the heat, and generating a signal to display the UV cure level in response to the determining.

The present disclosure provides a system and method for real-time visualization of a material during ultrasonic non-destructive testing. The system includes a graphical user interface (GUI) capable of showing a three-dimensional (3-D) image of a composite laminate constructed of a series of two-dimensional (2-D) cross sections. The GUI is capable of displaying the 3-D image as each additional 2-D cross section is scanned by an ultrasonic testing apparatus in real time or near real time, including probable defect regions that contain a flaw such as a hole, crack, wrinkle, or foreign object within the composite. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the system includes an artificial intelligence capable of highlighting defect areas within the 3-D image in real time or near real time and providing data regarding each defect area, such as the depth, size, and/or type of each defect.

Apparatus is provided having an acoustic-based air probe with an acoustic source configured to provide an acoustic signal into a mixture of concrete; and an acoustic receiver configured to be substantially co-planar with the acoustic source, to respond to the acoustic signal, and to provide signaling containing information about the acoustic signal injected into the mixture of concrete.

A sensor is achieved by applying a layer of a mixture that contains polymer and conductive particles over a substrate or first surface, when the mixture has a first viscosity that allows the conductive particles to rearrange within the material. An electric field is applied over the layer, so that a number of the conductive particles are assembled into one or more chain-like conductive pathways with the field and thereafter the viscosity of the layer is changed to a second, higher viscosity, in order to mechanically stabilise the material. The conductivity of the pathway is highly sensitive to the deformations and it can therefore act as deformation sensor. The pathways can be transparent and is thus suited for conductive and resistive touch screens. Other sensors such as strain gauge and vapour sensor can also be achieved.

Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) tags having high and low resonant frequencies are used to detect the cured or uncured state of wellbore cement. The MEMS tags may be added to wellbore cement, and pumped downhole. An interrogation tool emits a signal at one or both of the resonant frequencies which, in turn, interacts with the MEMS tags to produce a response signal. Since uncured cement has a high attenuation, only the lower resonant frequency response signal is sensed by an interrogation device, thus indicating the cement remains uncured. When the cement cures, its conductivity drops and the attenuation of the higher resonant frequency response signal drops also, thus allowing that signal to be detected by the interrogation device and indicating the cement has cured.

Apparatus is provided featuring a signal processor or signal processing module configured at least to: receive signaling containing information about a radiation impedance of a piston vibrating a process medium, including a fluid or slurry; and determine a speed of sound or density measurement related to the process medium, based at least partly on the signaling received. The signal processor or signal processing module may determine a speed of sound measurement related to the process medium, based on at least partly on the density of the process medium, including where the density of the process medium is known, assumed or determined by the signal processor or signal processing module, or determine a density measurement related to the process medium, based on at least partly on the speed at which sound travels in the process medium, including where the speed of sound of the process medium is known, assumed or determined by the signal processor or signal processing module.

A sensor is achieved by applying a layer of a mixture that contains polymer and conductive particles over a substrate or first surface, when the mixture has a first viscosity that allows the conductive particles to rearrange within the material. An electric field is applied over the layer, so that a number of the conductive particles are assembled into one or more chain-like conductive pathways with the field and thereafter the viscosity of the layer is changed to a second, higher viscosity, in order to mechanically stabilize the material. The conductivity of the pathway is highly sensitive to the deformations and it can therefore act as deformation sensor. The pathways can be transparent and is thus suited for conductive and resistive touch screens. Other sensors such as strain gauge and vapor sensor can also be achieved.