A fluid mixture parameter determination (FMPD) system for analyzing a fluid mixture while moving includes a computing system and at least one material model that includes two or more model parameters for a plurality of material compositions stored in the memory. An ultrasonic sensor and a millimeter wave (MMW) sensor are each coupled to sense the fluid mixture and are coupled to the computing system. The ultrasonic sensor is for providing ultrasonic data to the computing system including a velocity of the fluid mixture or a volumetric flow, and a velocity of sound (VoS) through the fluid mixture. The MMW sensor is for providing MMW velocity data to the computing system. The computing system is for utilizing the material model together with the ultrasonic data and the MMW velocity data for identifying parameters including a plurality of components in the fluid mixture and a concentration for the plurality of components.

A vapor and/or gas concentration and temperature sensor includes a resonating structure having a first side with a functionalized surface and a second side opposite the first side, a first resonant frequency of a first vibration mode, and a second resonating frequency of a second vibration mode. Drive and sensing electrodes face the second side of the resonating structure. A direct current bias source is coupled to the resonating structure. A first AC voltage source provides the resonating structure with a first voltage having a frequency corresponding to the first resonant frequency. A second AC voltage source provides the resonating structure with a second voltage having a frequency corresponding to the second resonant frequency. A read-out circuit determines a vapor and/or gas concentration based on a difference between the frequency of the first voltage and a first read-out frequency and determines a temperature based on a difference between the frequency of the second voltage and a second read-out frequency.

The invention relates to a heat flux sensor including: a heating wire (1) including a material capable of being taken to a determined temperature by Joule effect, suited to being connected to an electrical source, a resonator (2) of nano electro mechanical system (NEMS) type including: a beam (20) suspended with respect to a support (21), an actuating device (22) capable of generating a vibration of said beam under the effect of an excitation signal, a detection device configured to measure a displacement of said beam in the course of said vibration and to emit an output signal having a resonance at the resonance frequency of the resonator, said resonance frequency depending on the temperature of the beam,
wherein one end (20a) of the beam (20) is integral with the heating wire (1) so as to enable a conduction of heat from the heating wire to the beam, a variation in temperature of the heating wire induced by a variation in a characteristic of a fluid surrounding said wire causing a variation in the resonance frequency of the resonator.

A system for measuring a gas concentration, the system including: a first oscillator including a first surface for placement in a sampling location, wherein the first oscillator oscillates at a frequency greater than 20,000 Hz but less than 300,000,000 Hz; a first counter to accumulate a count of oscillations of the first oscillator; and a comparator to calculate a difference between the accumulated counts of the first oscillator and a reference, wherein the difference calculated by the comparator is sampled at a frequency of less than 100 Hz.

The present disclosure discloses a method for on-line measurement of the polymer melt temperature, comprising: on-line measurement of ultrasonic sound velocity c of melt in an injection molding process, on-line measurement of melt pressure P in the injection molding process, and obtaining melt temperature T in the injection molding process by formula (1). The present disclosure also discloses an apparatus for on-line measurement of the polymer melt temperature. The method and the apparatus provided in the present disclosure may enable on-line and in-situ characterization of the melt density and further enable on-line quantitative measurement of the melt quality. Compared with infrared measurement methods, the method provided herein is significantly reduced in cost, which is of great significance to theoretical researches of crystallization process and shear heating.

A system for determining gas characteristics at high altitudes in embodiments of the present invention may have one or more of the following features: (a) a high-altitude balloon having one or more of the following features: (a) a balloon, (b) a balloonsat operably coupled to the balloon, (c) an air path chamber wherein gas at a high altitude can occupy the air path chamber, (d) a first speaker located on a substrate within the air path chamber, wherein the first speaker takes an electrical signal input and creates a first sound wave, and (e) a second speaker located on the substrate facing opposite of the first speaker located outside of the air path chamber, wherein the second speaker takes the electrical signal and creates a second sound wave.

The invention relates to a device (1) at least for an acoustic temperature measurement in a gaseous medium (M) passing a medium channel (110) by means of runtime measurement of an acoustic pulse (AP) running through the gaseous medium (M) from at least a first transmitter arrangement (TA1) to at least a first receiver arrangement (RA1), the first transmitter arrangement (TA1) comprising a sound pulse generator (2) for the generating the acoustic pulse (AP), which is connected by a first acoustic channel (3) to a transmitter (4) which transmits the acoustic pulse (AP) into the medium (M), the first acoustic channel (3) being of acoustically dispersive design, and, the first receiver arrangement (RA1) comprising a receiver (5) for receiving the acoustic pulse (AP) after it has passed through the medium (M) and for transmitting it via a second acoustic channel (6) to a first microphone (7), preferably a piezoelectric microphone (7), for detecting the acoustic pulse (AP), the first acoustic channel (3) being curved towards the sound pulse generator (2) in such a way that the radiant heat of the medium (M) on the sound pulse generator (2) is at least greatly reduced, wherein at least the transmitter (4) comprises in the first acoustic channel (3) on its side (41) facing the medium (M) to be measured interfering element (42) which reflects a part (RI) of the acoustic pulse (AP) back into the first acoustic channel (3) of the first transmitter arrangement (TA1), in which a second microphone (8), preferably arranged on the side (43) of the transmitter (4) feeing the sound pulse generator (2), is arranged for detecting the back-reflected part (RI) of the acoustic pulse (AP), the device (1) further comprising a pulse discriminator (9) designed to determine the arrival times (AT) of the recorded acoustic pulses (AP) in a suitable way and to transmit them to an evaluation unit (10) designed to determine the temperature of the medium (M) from the runtime of the acoustic pulse (AP) from the transmitter (4) to the receiver (5), taking into account the arrival times (AT) determined by the pulse discriminator and the acoustic pulses (RI, AI) detected by first and second microphones (7,8).

An acoustic wave sensor device comprises a quartz material layer comprising a planar surface, a first interdigitated transducer formed over the planar surface of the quartz material layer, a first reflection structure formed over the planar surface of the quartz material layer, a second reflection structure formed over the planar surface of the quartz material layer, a first resonance cavity formed between the first interdigitated transducer and the first reflection structure and a second resonance cavity formed between the first interdigitated transducer and the second reflection structure. The planar surface of the quartz material layer is defined by a crystal cut of a quartz material of the quartz material layer with angles φ in the range of −14° to −24°, θ in the range of −25° to −45° and ψ in the range of +8° to +28°.

A system for detecting the presence of an anomaly within a component includes a motorized apparatus configured to move around the component. The system also includes an excitation device and a camera mounted to the motorized apparatus. The excitation device is configured to emit an excitation signal toward the component to cause the anomaly within the component to generate a detectable reactionary thermal signal in response to the excitation signal. The camera is configured to capture thermal images of the component. The thermal images include the detectable reactionary thermal signal and indicate the presence of the anomaly within the component. The system further includes a controller communicatively coupled to the excitation device and the camera. The controller is configured to receive and analyze the thermal images to detect the presence of the anomaly within the component. The controller is configured to adjust one or more operating parameters of the system to affect a characteristic of the detectable reactionary signal based on the thermal images.

A sensor device that includes an integrated sensor assembly having a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor disposed on a piezoelectric substrate. The SAW sensor is adapted to measure an environmental condition of an environment in response to an RF signal. The SAW sensor includes an interdigitated transducer (IDT) formed on a substrate having at least a layer of a piezoelectric material. The SAW sensor includes either one or more SAW reflectors of a second IDT formed on the piezoelectric material. The SAW sensor further includes an RF antenna formed on the piezoelectric material. The SAW sensor and the RF antenna are integrated with one another on the piezoelectric material.