An acoustic sensor for sensing environmental attributes within an enclosure is disclosed. The acoustic sensor may include a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) transducer configured to be installed outside the enclosure. The BAW transducer may generate an acoustic wave pulse and receive a reflected acoustic wave pulse. The acoustic sensor may further a waveguide assembly configured to be installed inside the enclosure. The waveguide assembly configured to receive the acoustic wave pulse from the BAW transducer. The acoustic sensor may further include a sensing device, wherein the sensing device may determine a change in one or more acoustic wave propagation parameters, based on the generated acoustic wave pulse and the reflected acoustic wave pulse. The sensing device may further determine one or more environmental attributes within the enclosure, based on the change in the one or more acoustic wave propagation parameters.

The present disclosure discloses a method for on-line measurement of the polymer melt temperature, comprising: on-line measurement of ultrasonic sound velocity c of melt in an injection molding process, on-line measurement of melt pressure P in the injection molding process, and obtaining melt temperature T in the injection molding process by formula (1). The present disclosure also discloses an apparatus for on-line measurement of the polymer melt temperature. The method and the apparatus provided in the present disclosure may enable on-line and in-situ characterization of the melt density and further enable on-line quantitative measurement of the melt quality. Compared with infrared measurement methods, the method provided herein is significantly reduced in cost, which is of great significance to theoretical researches of crystallization process and shear heating.

A monitoring device for monitoring the readiness state of an automated external defibrillator (AED) and communicating the state to a remote receiver is described. An associated method is described as well. The monitoring device captures a non-acoustic parameter related to the activation of the AED readiness state beeper.

Faded channels in a distributed acoustic sensing system can be mitigated using a phase modulator. A first pulse and a second pulse of an optical signal can be determined. A phase modulator can modulate the first pulse to have a different wavelength than the second pulse. The first pulse can be launched into a sensing fiber that extends into a wellbore. A first backscattered signal can be received from the sensing fiber in response to the first pulse being launched into the sensing fiber. The second pulse can be launched into the sensing fiber and a second backscattered signal can be received from the sensing fiber. Data about an environment of the wellbore can be determined by processing the first backscattered signal and the second backscattered signal to compensate for fading in the first backscattered signal or the second backscattered signal.

A monitoring apparatus is disclosed herein. In various aspects, the monitoring apparatus includes a probe comprising a sensor to detect a condition within a water body, the sensor produces sensor data indicative of the condition within the water body. The probe includes a sound generator to propagates sound waves within the water body that communicate the sensor data from the probe, in various aspects. The monitoring apparatus includes an interface that is submersible within the water body, and the interface receives the sound waves from the sound generator, in various aspects. In various aspects, the interface is mechanically connected with the submersible probe when deployed for traversal of the interface together with the submersible probe about the water body. The mechanical connection between the probe and the interface may orient the probe with respect to the interface to direct the sound waves from the probe to the interface.

A cuvette for treating and characterizing water via ultrasonic waves and optical measurements comprises at least one ultrasonic transducer for treating said water by introducing at least one ultrasonic pulse into the water. The at least one ultrasonic pulse either varies parameters of the water, and/or moves and repositions particles within the water. The cuvette further comprises a spectrometry device for measuring spectral components of light and at least one light source for irradiating the water with irradiation light. The at least one of the parameters of the water is determined via: (a) measuring the spectral components of light prior to treating the water with said at least one ultrasonic transducer, (b) treating the water with said at least one ultrasonic transducer, (c) remeasuring the spectral components of light to get the difference in said spectral components of light, and (d) determining the value of the at least one parameter of the water based on the difference in said spectral components of light.

A system for determining gas characteristics at high altitudes in embodiments of the present invention may have one or more of the following features: (a) a high-altitude balloon having one or more of the following features: (a) a balloon, (b) a balloonsat operably coupled to the balloon, (c) an air path chamber wherein gas at a high altitude can occupy the air path chamber, (d) a first speaker located on a substrate within the air path chamber, wherein the first speaker takes an electrical signal input and creates a first sound wave, and (e) a second speaker located on the substrate facing opposite of the first speaker located outside of the air path chamber, wherein the second speaker takes the electrical signal and creates a second sound wave.

Disclosed herein is a method and a system for remotely measuring the properties of a fluid. The system comprises a waveguide, a transducer, and a processing unit. One end of the waveguide is coupled to the transducer and the second end is immersed in a fluid. The transducer is aligned at a certain angle of excitation ranging between 0°-90° with respect to the waveguide such that it can transmit ultrasonic waves comprising at least two wave modes. A part of the at least two wave modes transmitted through the wave guide leaks into the surrounding fluid and the remaining part is reflected. The attenuation of the at least two wave modes is studied in various attenuation regimes ranging between 0-1200 kHz. The reflected at least two wave modes are transmitted to the processing unit for extracting various parameters. Based on the extracted parameters, different properties of the fluid are measured.

The invention relates generally to an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled wireless sensor system using attached and/or embedded passive electromagnetic sensors (PES) with distribution hardware. One embodiment of this invention includes a wireless sensor system, which permits process control and predictive maintenance on a utility's electrical transmission and distribution grid. Another embodiment includes a wireless sensor system, which permits process control and predictive maintenance of liquid or gas through a pipeline. Another embodiment includes a wireless sensor system, which permits measurement of breathable air pollutants. Furthermore, a method of manufacturing a protective passive electromagnetic sensor pod and passive electromagnetic sensor equipped distribution hardware components is provided.

The invention relates generally to an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled wireless sensor system using attached and/or embedded passive electromagnetic sensors (PES) with distribution hardware. One embodiment of this invention includes a wireless sensor system, which permits process control and predictive maintenance on a utility's electrical transmission and distribution grid. Another embodiment includes a wireless sensor system, which permits process control and predictive maintenance of liquid or gas through a pipeline. Another embodiment includes a wireless sensor system, which permits measurement of breathable air pollutants. Furthermore, a method of manufacturing a protective passive electromagnetic sensor pod and passive electromagnetic sensor equipped distribution hardware components is provided.