Methods are described for determining the amount of insulin in a sample. Provided herein are mass spectrometric methods for detecting and quantifying insulin and C-peptide in a biological sample utilizing enrichment and/or purification methods coupled with tandem mass spectrometric or high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometric techniques. Also provided herein are mass spectrometric methods for detecting and quantifying insulin and b-chain in a biological sample utilizing enrichment and/or purification methods coupled with tandem mass spectrometric or high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometric techniques.

The screening method of the present invention is useful for screening drugs such as insulin secretagogues having an insulin secretagogue activity with minimized side effects (hypoglycemia induction, etc.). The transformant in which a polynucleotide encoding the fusion protein used for the screening method is introduced, the screening kit comprising the transformant, etc. are also useful for screening excellent drugs.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally devices for detecting analytes in a subject. More particularly, the present disclosure provides a biosensor array for detecting analytes in a subject. Embodiments of the present disclosure include a biosensor array comprising a plurality of sensor cells for detecting an analyte in a subject. In accordance with these embodiments, the plurality of sensor cells comprises at least one electrode, at least one antibody immobilized on a surface of the at least one electrode, and a biodegradable coating in contact with the at least one antibody.

The claimed invention provides personalized glucose and insulin information to a user in need thereof. Non-invasive body fluid capture techniques utilize saliva to provide body levels of glucose and insulin as well as optional pharmaceutical ingestion coordinated over time. Saliva captured on cellulose strips are analyzed in real time using oxidation and aptamer conjugate hybridization together with traditional analytical chemistry techniques including liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and coordinated against time of pharmaceutical administration. By embracing the P4 (Participatory, Personalized, Predictive, and Preventive) health management method the patient can determine glucose and insulin related wellness levels and if a pharmaceutical is having the correct and desired effect for maximum therapeutic benefit.

The present invention relates to cells with altered cell cycle control. In particular, the present invention provides cells with altered cell cycle control and uses of such cells to identify metabolically active agents.

The present application relates to polypeptides derived from the soluble part of the glycoprotein of the enveloped virus of Primate T-cell leukemia virus (PTLV), or fragments or variants thereof named receptor binding domain ligands (RBD) selected for their ability to bind specifically to the nutrient transporter GLUT1.

A method of extracting organ metabolic functions using oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) comprises: a step of measuring an amount of change over time in plasma glucose and plasma insulin at a regular time interval after a subject has consumed a certain quantity of a glucose solution; a step of extracting parameters associated with organ metabolism in a human body by applying the amount of change over time of the measured glucose and insulin to a human organ function model; and a step of diagnosing the metabolic function state of the subject using the extracted parameters.

Methods are described for diagnosing or prognosing insulin resistance in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients, the method comprising determining the amount of insulin and C-peptide in a sample. Provided herein are mass spectrometric methods for detecting and quantifying insulin and C-peptide in a biological sample utilizing enrichment and/or purification methods coupled with tandem mass spectrometric or high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometric techniques.

Apparatuses and methods of optically analyzing fluid within a pipette are described herein. In an embodiment, an optical reader subassembly includes a pipette configured to aspirate and hold a fluid sample within its tip, a housing configured to receive at least the tip of the pipette through a reentrant seal so that the tip of the pipette is located in a light tight manner within an internal area, a light source positioned to be in proximity to the tip of the pipette when the tip of the pipette is received by the housing, the light source configured to project light through the tip of the pipette and onto the fluid sample held within the tip, and an optical sensor configured to take a reading of the fluid sample held within the tip of the pipette without any of the fluid sample being injected from the pipette.

The present invention provides systems, devices, and methods for point-of-care and/or distributed testing services. The methods and devices of the invention are directed toward automatic detection of analytes in a bodily fluid. The components of the device can be modified to allow for more flexible and robust use with the disclosed methods for a variety of medical, laboratory, and other applications. The systems, devices, and methods of the present invention can allow for effective use of samples by improved sample preparation and analysis.