The present invention provides biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, Fuchs' dystrophy, diabetic macular edema (DME), geographic atrophy, Stargardt's disease, or retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and their use in identifying subjects in need of treatment and methods for staging the severity of the disease.

Zero-valent iron nanoparticle-mediated oxidative stress was evaluated in F. diplosiphon as a measure of lipid peroxidation using malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity (MDA-TBA) assay and the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorogenic probe. Enzymatic response of nZVI-treated cultures was determined as a measure of FeSOD (iron superoxide dismutase) using western blotting and immunodetection. In addition, the distribution and surface assimilation of nZVIs was detected using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

Cells within liver tumor mass comprise a unique set of proteins/tumor antigens when compared to the normal liver tissues epithelial cells juxtaposed to the tumor. The presence of tumor antigens couples the production of auto-antibodies against these tumor antigens. The present invention relates to the identification and elucidation of a protein set that can act as a novel marker set for liver cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Specifically, it relates to a kit that enables diagnostic and prognostic measurement of auto-antibodies in serum of liver cancer patients. The present invention provides a non-invasive, specific, sensitive, and cost effective detection and quantification method by evaluating a set of validated liver cancer proteins/tumor antigens, which includes Bmi-1, VCC1, SUMO-4, RhoA, TXN, ET-1, UBE2C, HDGF2, FGF21, LECT2, SOD1, STMN4, Midkine, IL-17A, IL26, or DCP to complement the conventional diagnostic methods.

Cells within liver tumour mass comprise a unique set of proteins/tumour antigens when compared to the normal liver tissues epithelial cells juxtaposed to the tumour. The presence of tumour antigens couples the production of auto-antibodies against these tumour antigens. The present invention relates to the identification and elucidation of a protein set that can act as a novel marker set for liver cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Specifically, it relates to a kit that enables diagnostic and prognostic measurement of auto-antibodies in serum of liver cancer patients. The present invention provides a non-invasive, specific, sensitive, and cost effective detection and quantification method by evaluating a set of validated liver cancer proteins/tumour antigens, which includes Bmi-1, VCC1, SUMO-4, RhoA, TXN, ET-1, UBE2C, HDGF2, FGF21, LECT2, SOD1, STMN4, Midkine, IL-17A or IL26, to complement the conventional diagnostic methods.

This invention provides minimally invasive methods, reagents, diagnostic and prognostic markers useful for staging, prognosis and surveillance of colorectal cancers, and therapeutic intervention in individuals with colorectal cancers, or individuals who may be susceptible to developing colorectal cancers.

Beta-cryptoxanthin compositions and methods are described for the management of cardiometabolic syndrome and associated risk factors, in a subject, in need thereof. Methods herein are directed to identifying such subject at risk of developing cardiometabolic syndrome and administering beta-cryptoxanthin composition to assess the condition of an organ. Compositions and methods herein can effectively reduce risk factors of cardiometabolic syndrome, such as hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and/or related cardiovascular disorders. Beta-cryptoxanthin compositions and methods herein can reduce body weight, body fat, glucose levels, and free fatty acids, when administered in effective amounts. The compositions and methods herein can also reduce oxidative stress on organs such as the eye and liver and/or reduce inflammatory and/or oxidative markers, when administered to subjects in need thereof.

A method including detecting a presence of at least one analyte in a sample from a subject wherein the at least one analyte is selected from the group consisting of: mesothelin, Galectin-3-binding protein, Clusterin, Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, Osteopontin, Alpha-amylase 1, WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2, Mucin-16, GSTP1, PRDX5, TXN, PRDX6, and SOD1, and determining the subject has hydrosalpinx if the sample comprises an increased level of mesothelin, Galectin-3-binding protein, Clusterin, Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, Osteopontin, Alpha-amylase 1, WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2, and/or Mucin-16 relative to a control, and/or a decreased level of GSTP1, PRDX5, TXN, PRDX6, and/or SOD1, relative to the control, is provided herein. The method may further include if the subject is determined to have hydrosalpinx, administering a hydrosalpinx therapy to the subject.

This invention provides minimally invasive methods, reagents, diagnostic and prognostic markers useful for staging, prognosis and surveillance of colorectal cancers, and therapeutic intervention in individuals with colorectal cancers, or individuals who may be susceptible to developing colorectal cancers.

Provided are novel human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, also known as superoxide dismutase 1 or SOD1, specific antibodies as well as fragments, derivatives and variants thereof as well as methods related thereto. Assays, kits, and solid supports related to antibodies specific for SOD1 are also disclosed. The antibody, immunoglobulin chain(s), as well as binding fragments, derivatives and variants thereof can be used in pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions for SOD1 targeted immunotherapy and diagnosis, respectively.

A biological toxicity test method for evaluating an ecological safety of an advanced oxidation process comprising the following steps: (1) collecting (preparing) a waste water to be determined; (2) collecting the waste water and a tap water after the advanced oxidation process treatment; (3) subjecting Koi (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) to the water after treatment for exposure to poison; (4) Determining an anti-oxidation enzyme activity of a liver of the Koi after exposure; (5) Data analyzing. By comparing the changes of liver enzyme activities in different water, the present method evaluates the toxicity changes of micro-pollutant containing water before and after treatment, which fills in the gap of the ecological risk assessment for advanced oxidation technology.