The present invention relates to a method for determining the distinctive nutritional requirements of a patient with specific nutritional needs and providing a composition meeting the distinctive nutritional requirements of said patient.

The present invention is related to the field of liver disease. Solid substrates comprising microfluidic channels (e.g., microchips) are configured to support growing and differentiating hepatocytes and are contemplated to provide a suitable environment for the development of fully functional liver tissue. These solid substrates can be used to induce various toxicity conditions in the liver tissue subsequent to the exposure to various chemicals. For example, chronic exposure to ethanol induces a clinical state of alcoholic liver disease in the liver tissue. Alternatively, certain disease states can result in the development of non-alcoholic liver diseases (e.g., non- alcoholic steatohepatitis; NASH).

Methods of promoting hypoxia or the hypoxia response for the treatment or prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress disorders are described. Methods for screening for targets of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress disorders are also described.

The present invention provides a method of measuring the quality of therapeutic cells through real-time glutathione monitoring.

The present disclosure teaches systems and methods of diagnosing and treating the distinct biologic components that contribute to chronic pain symptoms experienced by patients. A biologic sample is obtained from a patient. Levels of two or more biomarkers (e.g., methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA), pyroglutamate, hydroxymethylglutarate (HMG), quinolinic acid, kynurenine acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetate (5-HIAA), vanilmandelate (VMA), and ethylmalonic acid) in the biologic sample are experimentally determined. Based on the existence of abnormal results in one or more biomarkers the patient is diagnosed as having the nerve health, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation pain, and/or neurotransmitter pain components to their chronic pain. Based on the resulting diagnoses administration of certain support compounds is directed. The patient may retest after a sufficient period of time to observe any longitudinal differences in the test results and adjust treatment accordingly. Further, the biomarker data gathered from pain-neutral and chronic pain patients (particularly those using opioid therapies) will be used to characterize biochemistries going forward.

The present invention relates to a real-time fluorescence imaging sensor for measuring glutathione in cell organelles and a method for fabricating the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel compound for measuring glutathione in cell organelles, a method for preparing the novel compound, a real-time fluorescence imaging sensor for measuring glutathione in cell organelles, which comprises the novel compound, a method for fabricating the imaging sensor, and a method of measuring glutathione in cell organelles by use of the imaging sensor.

When the composition comprising the compound according to the present invention is used, it can measure the antioxidant activity of the organelle mitochondria or Golgi apparatus in living cells, particularly stem cells, and can screen highly active stem cells based on the results obtained by measuring the antioxidant activity of the cell organelle.

The present invention provides a nucleic acid construct for expressing an oxidative stress indicator comprising: a nucleic acid sequence encoding an Nrf2 protein-derived partial protein that comprises at least an Neh2 domain sequence and substantially lacks or is functionally deficient in an Neh1 domain sequence or an Neh1-Neh3 domain sequence; a stress-inducible promoter sequence positioned upstream of the nucleic acid sequence encoding an Nrf2 protein-derived partial protein; and a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein capable of generating a detectable signal, the nucleic acid sequence being positioned downstream of the nucleic acid sequence encoding an Nrf2 protein-derived partial protein. The present invention also provides a method for measuring oxidative stress and a method for screening for an anti-oxidative stress agent, using the nucleic acid construct.

A method for providing perihematomal protection to a patient after suffering an TCH comprising administering an effective amount of Hx to said patient to increase serum concentrations to between two and three times normal serum levels, wherein said increased serum concentrations are maintained for between 3 and 21 days.

Compositions and methods for determining the level of thiol and disulfide containing molecules in a sample are provided. The compositions and methods can be used to determine the level of oxidative stress in a subject with or without antioxidant treatment. Also provided are biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Provided herein are methods of detecting or determining aging and/or oxidative damage in tissue, including placental tissue, skin, kidney and brain tissue. One embodiment provides a method for detecting or determining aging in body tissue, comprising measuring one or more markers of aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) expression or activity in a biological sample, wherein the level of AOX1 expression or activity, or of the one or more markers, is indicative of aging in the tissue. Also provided herein are methods of treating a disease or condition associated with ageing or oxidative damage in one or more cells or tissues, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an inhibitor of AOX1.