Golf performance and equipment characteristics may be determined by analyzing the impact between a golf ball and an impacting surface. In some examples, the impacting surface may be a golf club face. The impact between the golf ball and the surface may be measured based on sound and/or motion sensors (e.g., gyroscopes, accelerometers, etc.). Based on motion and/or sound data, various equipment-related information including golf ball compression, club head speed and impact location may be derived. Such information and/or other types of data may be conveyed to a user to help improve performance, aid in selecting golf equipment and/or to insure quality of golfing products.

An apparatus and a method for controlling a rotating body in an electronic device are provided. The method includes emitting light to at least one indicator among a plurality of indicators having different reflectivities in a rotating body, receiving light reflected from the at least one indicator, detecting a rotation parameter of the rotating body based on an amount of the reflected light received from the at least one indicator, and controlling the rotating body based on the rotation parameter.

An apparatus and a method for controlling a rotating body in an electronic device are provided. The method includes emitting light to at least one indicator among a plurality of indicators having different reflectivities in a rotating body, receiving light reflected from the at least one indicator, detecting a rotation parameter of the rotating body based on an amount of the reflected light received from the at least one indicator, and controlling the rotating body based on the rotation parameter.

A speed detection device includes a comparator module, a sensor lead with a node connected to the comparator module, and a limit set module. The limit set module is connected to the sensor lead node and to the comparator by an upper limit lead and a lower limit lead to provide upper and lower limits to the comparator that vary according to amplitude variation in voltage applied to the sensor lead.

A wheel speed sensor mounted on a wheel bearing to detect a rotational speed of a wheel is provided. The wheel speed sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise: a housing having a sensing module provided therein; a first sensing module configured to detect a rotational speed of the wheel and to output a first detection signal to an outside; and a second sensing module configured to detect a rotational speed of the wheel independently of the first sensing module and to output a second detection signal to the outside. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first sensing module may comprise a first sensing part configured to detect a rotational speed of the wheel, and the second sensing module may comprise a second sensing part configured to detect a rotational speed of the wheel.

A device (9, 9a) for estimating a current wheel diameter of a wheel of a rail-based vehicle on a predetermined network of routes includes an interface (8) for collecting vibration data (5) of at least one wheel acting on the rail-based vehicle as an acceleration of the rail-based vehicle. The vibrations detectable using at least one wireless sensor (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) arranged proximate the at least one wheel. A computing unit is configured for generating a predicted speed on the basis of the vibration data (5). A comparator unit is configured for estimating a wheel diameter based on differences between the predicted speed and an identified, corresponding ground truth speed (17).

A device (9, 9a) for estimating a current wheel diameter of a wheel of a rail-based vehicle on a predetermined network of routes includes an interface (8) for collecting vibration data (5) of at least one wheel acting on the rail-based vehicle as an acceleration of the rail-based vehicle. The vibrations detectable using at least one wireless sensor (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) arranged proximate the at least one wheel. A computing unit is configured for generating a predicted speed on the basis of the vibration data (5). A comparator unit is configured for estimating a wheel diameter based on differences between the predicted speed and an identified, corresponding ground truth speed (17).

A method of recognizing obstacles on operation of a vibratory pile driver of a work machine includes monitoring an acceleration signal of the vibratory pile driver during operation of the vibratory pile operator and analyzing the acceleration signal to determine the presence of an obstacle. The acceleration signal may be monitored over a time period which is determined based on an excitation frequency of the vibratory pile driver. The analysis may include comparing negative and positive half-waves of the acceleration signal. Responsive to the analysis indicating an obstacle, a system operator may be alerted, and/or operation of the vibratory pile driver may be adjusted via controller intervention.

A method of recognizing obstacles on operation of a vibratory pile driver of a work machine includes monitoring an acceleration signal of the vibratory pile driver during operation of the vibratory pile operator and analyzing the acceleration signal to determine the presence of an obstacle. The acceleration signal may be monitored over a time period which is determined based on an excitation frequency of the vibratory pile driver. The analysis may include comparing negative and positive half-waves of the acceleration signal. Responsive to the analysis indicating an obstacle, a system operator may be alerted, and/or operation of the vibratory pile driver may be adjusted via controller intervention.

The present invention discloses a magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor, which includes a magnetoresistive sensor chip and a permanent magnet. The magnetic sensor chip is comprised of at least one magnetoresistive sensor bridge, and each arm of the sensor bridge has at least one MTJ element group. The magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor has good temperature stability, high sensitivity, low power consumption, good linearity, wide linear range, and a simple structure. Additionally, the magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor has a concave soft ferromagnetic flux concentrator, which can be used to reduce the component of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet along the sensing direction of the MTJ sensor elements, enabling a wide linear range. Because it is arranged as a gradiometer, the magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor bridge is not affected by stray magnetic field; it is only affected by the gradient magnetic field generated by gear teeth in response to the permanent magnet bias. The magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor of the present invention is able to detect the position of a specific tooth or a missing tooth of a gear. This magnetoresistive gear tooth sensor is also capable of determining the speed and direction of motion of a gear.