A measurement system for real-time visualization of radiation pattern is provided. The measurement system comprises an antenna array with a plurality of antennas configured to provide a voltage gain corresponding to a received radio signal. Furthermore, the measurement system comprises a plurality of radio frequency detectors configured to rectify the voltage gain from each antenna of the plurality of antennas. In addition, the measurement system comprises a plurality of amplifiers downstream of the plurality of radio frequency detectors configured to amplify the magnitude of a rectified voltage from each of the radio frequency detectors. The measurement system moreover comprises a plurality of receiving elements, each includes a light emitting diode and configured to receive an amplified voltage corresponding to each amplifier of the plurality of amplifiers.

A non-invasive method of detecting electrical activity in a target volume. The method can comprise aiming a plurality of antennas at one or more target sub-volumes within a target volume and acquiring the radio signal created when an electrical discharge occurs. The method can then comprise processing the radio signals to determine the electrical activity within the target volume and displaying the electrical activity in the target volume.

A fiber optic sensor and related method are described, with the sensor including a cross-coupling element in the optical path between a polarizing element and a sensing element, but separated from the sensing element itself; with the cross-coupling element generating a defined cross-coupling between the two orthogonal polarization states of the fundamental mode of a polarization maintaining fiber guiding light from the light source to the sensing element thus introducing a wavelength-dependent or temperature-dependent sensor signal shift to balance wavelength-dependent or temperature-dependent signal shifts due to other elements of the sensor, particularly signal shifts due to the wavelength dependence of the Faraday effect or the electro-optic effect constant.

An optical waveguide 1, an optical waveguide 2 are formed on a substrate 3 to be crossed with each other, modulator electrodes 11, 12, 13 and 14 are arranged along the optical waveguides 1, 2, and antennas 21, 22, 23, 24 (i.e., square patch antennas having an approximately same shape) are arranged around four corners of the square shape. The modulator electrode 11 is energized from the antenna 21 and the antenna 22, the modulator electrode 12 is energized from the antenna 24 and the antenna 23, the modulator electrode 13 is energized from the antenna 21 and the antenna 24, and the modulator electrode 14 is energized from the antenna 22 and the antenna 23. The light wave propagating through the optical waveguide 1 is modulated by an electric field of Y-direction, and the light wave propagating through the optical waveguide 2 is modulated by an electric field of X-direction.

A measurement system for real-time visualization of radiation pattern is provided. The measurement system comprises an antenna array with a plurality of antennas configured to provide a voltage gain corresponding to a received radio signal. Furthermore, the measurement system comprises a plurality of radio frequency detectors configured to rectify the voltage gain from each antenna of the plurality of antennas. In addition, the measurement system comprises a plurality of amplifiers downstream of the plurality of radio frequency detectors configured to amplify the magnitude of a rectified voltage from each of the radio frequency detectors. The measurement system moreover comprises a plurality of receiving elements, each includes a light emitting diode and configured to receive an amplified voltage corresponding to each amplifier of the plurality of amplifiers.

A semiconductor or integrated circuit block including a sense node and a converter circuit, in which the sense node develops a low frequency electrical parameter that is constant or varies at a frequency below a predetermined frequency level, and in which the converter circuit converts the low frequency electrical parameter into an alternating electrical parameter having a frequency at or above the predetermined frequency level sufficient to modulate a laser beam focused within a laser probe area of the converter circuit. The converter may include a ring oscillator, a switch circuit controlled by a clock enable signal, a capacitor having a charge rate based on the low frequency electrical parameter, etc. The laser probe area has a frequency level based on a level of the low frequency electrical parameter to modulate the reflected laser beam for measurement of the electrical parameter by a laser voltage probe test system.

An interferometric sensor and related methods are provided, with a sensing element whereby a measurand induces a relative phase shift between two waves, at least one detector measuring an interference signal between the two waves, and further including a phase shift detection unit having as input the interference signal and determining a first measure representative of the principal value of the relative phase shift, and a contrast detection unit having as input the interference signal for determining a second measure representative of the cross-correlation between the two waves, and a further a processing unit for converting the first and second measures to a measurand value.

The disclosure includes an electro-optical sensor. The electro-optical sensor includes a test signal input to receive a test signal from a device under test (DUT). A bias circuit is employed to generate a bias signal. The electro-optical sensor also includes a Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) that employs an optical input, an optical output, and a bias input. The MZM is configured to receive an optical carrier signal via the optical input. The MZM also receives both the test signal and the bias signal on the bias input. The MZM modulates the test signal from the bias input onto the optical carrier to generate an optical signal while operating in a mode selected by the bias signal. The MZM also outputs the optical signal over the optical output.

An electric monitoring optical fiber package for an electrical monitoring sensing system is described, the system is used for monitoring and adjusting the electric or magnetic properties of an electric system or cable. The optical fiber package comprises at least one optical fiber, a portion of the optical fiber being coated with a coating material selected from the range of; electrostrictive material, magnetostrictive material, polarisation sensitive material, piezo-electric material; wherein the coating material is a polymeric material. The coated portion of the optical fiber is arranged to provide at least one sensing portion; the sensing portion comprising a sensing portion diameter. The invention aims to provide a low-cost, simpler electrical monitoring sensing system capable of sensing disturbances and anomalies in an adjacent electric system or cable.

There is provided a system for use with a fiber-optic current transducer. The system includes a processing unit configured to transduce a first light signal into a first electrical signal. The processing unit is further configured to transduce a second light signal into a second electrical signal. Furthermore, the processing unit is configured to remove offsets from the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal by forcing the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal to be on the same per unit basis.