Used batteries are screened based on a measured Constant-Current Impulse Ratio. A used battery is charged using a Constant Current (CC) until a voltage target is reached, and the current integrated to obtain the CC charge applied, Q.sub.CC. Then the battery continues to be charged using a Constant Voltage (CV) of the voltage target until the charging current falls to a minimum current target. The current is integrated over the CV period to obtain the CV charge applied, Q.sub.CV. The measured CCIR is the ratio of Q.sub.CC to (Q.sub.CC+Q.sub.CV). The measured CCIR is input to a calibration curve function to obtain a modeled State of Health (SOH) value. The used battery is sorted for reuse or disposal based on the modeled SOH value. The calibration curve function is obtained by aging new batteries to obtain CCIR and SOH data that are modeled using a neural network.

Used batteries are screened based on a measured Constant-Current Impulse Ratio. A used battery is charged using a Constant Current (CC) until a voltage target is reached, and the current integrated to obtain the CC charge applied, Q.sub.CC. Then the battery continues to be charged using a Constant Voltage (CV) of the voltage target until the charging current falls to a minimum current target. The current is integrated over the CV period to obtain the CV charge applied, Q.sub.CV. The measured CCIR is the ratio of Q.sub.CC to (Q.sub.CC+Q.sub.CV). The measured CCIR is input to a calibration curve function to obtain a modeled State of Health (SOH) value. The used battery is sorted for reuse or disposal based on the modeled SOH value. The calibration curve function is obtained by aging new batteries to obtain CCIR and SOH data that are modeled using a neural network.

A method for estimating the state of charge (SOC) of a lithium-ion battery system based on artificial intelligence (AI) is provided. In the method, the relationship between the charging data segments and the SOC of the battery system is established through deep learning, and the SOC at any stage of the charging process can be corrected. SOC in a discharging process is estimated through ampere-hour integration. The estimation method is adaptively updated with a change in the working state of the battery system.

A method for determining a remaining charging time of a battery. The method includes obtaining a first charging current and a second charging current. The first charging current is a present charging current of the battery, and the second charging current is a charging current of the battery when the battery is fully charged. The method further includes determining an average charging current value based on the first charging current and the second charging current, and determining the remaining charging time based on the average charging current value.

The invention relates to a power management system for supplying backup DC power to peak and/or high current demand battery applications, such as motor starting or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) used to power a critical load, such as, a data bus or other critical load, after an event, such as loss of primary AC or DC input, during relatively cold ambient temperatures. Two or more heaters can be provided; for example, a low power heater and a high-power heater. In a maintenance mode, the low power heater is used to maintain batteries at a predetermined temperature. In this mode, a battery charger is used to power the low power heater. In a boost mode, after the primary AC or DC input is restored, and battery temperature is too low to back up the critical load, the battery charger supplies power to one or both of the heaters. Since capacity of the battery charger is normally insufficient to heat the batteries to an acceptable operating temperature in a relatively short period of time, a portion of residual power from the batteries is used to boost power to the heaters in order to speed up the time to get each battery of said batteries to its rated operating temperature.

A battery-state estimating device for accurately estimating a battery state of a battery includes: an OCV calculating unit calculating an OCV from the detected values; a charge state estimating unit deriving charge state parameters on the basis of the calculated OCV and an Ah (integrated current value)-OCV map; a map adjusting unit adjusting the Ah-OCV map, wherein the map adjusting unit derives a model equation of the Ah-OCV map on the basis of a first OCV at a first time-point and a second OCV at a second time-point calculated by the OCV calculating unit, and the difference between the integrated current values, wherein the difference has been generated by current flowing through the secondary battery 1 during the first time-point and the second time-point; and adjusts the Ah-OCV map using the model equation.

A semiconductor integrated circuit is capable of being supplied with battery current information and battery voltage information. The semiconductor integrated circuit includes a memory function, a current integrating function, a voltage-based state of charge operating function, a current-based state of charge operating function, a comparison determination function, a correcting function, and a resistance deterioration coefficient output function. The memory function stores the relation between a state of charge of a battery and an internal resistance deterioration coefficient thereof. The full charge capacity outputted from the correcting function and the internal resistance deterioration coefficient outputted from the resistance deterioration coefficient output function are stored in the memory function when a voltage-based state of charge and a current-based state of charge compared by the comparison determination function are determined to substantially coincide with each other.

A battery system capable of avoiding an over charge with a simple sensor element comprises: a battery module including a battery pack A including a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and a battery pack B including a plurality of battery cells connected in series, connected in parallel, a monitoring unit configured to monitor a condition of the battery module, and a control unit configured to control at least a charge of the battery module. The monitoring unit includes: a first current sensor configured to measure a total current I.sub.A of the battery pack A, and a second current sensor configured to measure a total current I.sub.B of the battery pack B. The control unit calculates a determining value based on the total current I.sub.A and determines an occurrence of an over charge based on the determining value.

A battery system capable of avoiding an over charge with a simple sensor element comprises: a battery module including a battery pack A including a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and a battery pack B including a plurality of battery cells connected in series, connected in parallel, a monitoring unit configured to monitor a condition of the battery module, and a control unit configured to control at least a charge of the battery module. The monitoring unit includes: a first current sensor configured to measure a total current I.sub.A of the battery pack A, and a second current sensor configured to measure a total current I.sub.B of the battery pack B. The control unit calculates a determining value based on the total current I.sub.A and determines an occurrence of an over charge based on the determining value.

Final state-of-charge calculation means is provided which calculates a final state-of-charge of the battery according to state-of-charge estimate values by electric current integration mode state-of-charge estimation means and equivalent circuit model mode state-of-charge estimation means. The final state-of-charge calculation means performs, when a difference between the state-of-charge estimate value by the electric current integration mode state-of-charge estimation means and the state-of-charge estimate value by the equivalent circuit model mode state-of-charge estimation means becomes less than or equal to the state-of-charge difference threshold value, switching of the final state-of-charge from the state-of-charge estimate value by the electric current integration mode state-of-charge estimation means to the state-of-charge estimate value by the equivalent circuit model mode state-of-charge estimation means.