The first battery module and the second battery module are connected by a bus-bar. A cell voltage sensing circuit shared by at least some battery cells of the first battery module and at least some battery cells of the second battery module measures a voltage of each battery cell.

The first battery module and the second battery module are connected by a bus-bar. A cell voltage sensing circuit shared by at least some battery cells of the first battery module and at least some battery cells of the second battery module measures a voltage of each battery cell.

A battery inspection apparatus capable of self-diagnosing failure is provided. The battery inspection apparatus includes a contact probe, a power supply module, a power cable for providing a path for supplying the power generated by the power supply module to the contact probe, a voltage measuring module, a measuring cable configured to measure a voltage of the contact probe by the voltage measuring module, a switching module configured to selectively connect the voltage measuring module to the power cable or the measuring cable, and a control module configured to determine whether at least one of the contact probe or the power cable is abnormal based on the voltage measurement value of the voltage measuring module according to a connection state of the switching module. A verification device capable of diagnosing failure of the battery inspection apparatus is also provided.

A battery inspection apparatus capable of self-diagnosing failure is provided. The battery inspection apparatus includes a contact probe, a power supply module, a power cable for providing a path for supplying the power generated by the power supply module to the contact probe, a voltage measuring module, a measuring cable configured to measure a voltage of the contact probe by the voltage measuring module, a switching module configured to selectively connect the voltage measuring module to the power cable or the measuring cable, and a control module configured to determine whether at least one of the contact probe or the power cable is abnormal based on the voltage measurement value of the voltage measuring module according to a connection state of the switching module. A verification device capable of diagnosing failure of the battery inspection apparatus is also provided.

A battery management system includes a voltage measurement circuit for generating a voltage signal indicating a cell voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and a controller. The controller determines an observation matrix including a plurality of observation voltage vectors indicating a voltage history of each of the plurality of battery cells in a moving window having a predetermined size based on the voltage signal. The controller determines a recovery matrix including a plurality of recovery voltage vectors corresponding to the plurality of observation voltage vectors in a one-to-one relationship. The controller detects an abnormality of each of the plurality of battery cells based on a plurality of absolute error vectors indicating a difference between the plurality of observation voltage vectors and the plurality of recovery voltage vectors.

A battery management system includes a voltage measurement circuit for generating a voltage signal indicating a cell voltage of each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and a controller. The controller determines an observation matrix including a plurality of observation voltage vectors indicating a voltage history of each of the plurality of battery cells in a moving window having a predetermined size based on the voltage signal. The controller determines a recovery matrix including a plurality of recovery voltage vectors corresponding to the plurality of observation voltage vectors in a one-to-one relationship. The controller detects an abnormality of each of the plurality of battery cells based on a plurality of absolute error vectors indicating a difference between the plurality of observation voltage vectors and the plurality of recovery voltage vectors.

A battery management apparatus includes: a profile generating unit configured to obtain a battery profile representing a correspondence between voltage and capacity of a battery and generate a differential profile representing a correspondence between a differential voltage for the capacity of the battery and the capacity or a correspondence between a differential capacity for the voltage of the battery and the voltage based on the obtained battery profile; and a control unit configured to receive the generated differential profile from the profile generating unit, determine a target peak included in the received differential profile according to a rule corresponding to a type of the received differential profile, and determine a state of the battery based on a behavior change of the target peak with respect to a reference peak preset to correspond to the type of the received differential profile.

A battery management apparatus includes: a profile generating unit configured to obtain a battery profile representing a correspondence between voltage and capacity of a battery and generate a differential profile representing a correspondence between a differential voltage for the capacity of the battery and the capacity or a correspondence between a differential capacity for the voltage of the battery and the voltage based on the obtained battery profile; and a control unit configured to receive the generated differential profile from the profile generating unit, determine a target peak included in the received differential profile according to a rule corresponding to a type of the received differential profile, and determine a state of the battery based on a behavior change of the target peak with respect to a reference peak preset to correspond to the type of the received differential profile.

A method is for replacing a rechargeable battery that is considered as an unsatisfactory rechargeable battery that needs replacing in an assembled battery in which rechargeable batteries are stacked and restrained in a row and electrically connected in series or in parallel. The method includes removing of finding at least one of the rechargeable batteries to be an unsatisfactory rechargeable battery in the assembled battery and removing the unsatisfactory rechargeable battery, and installing a satisfactory rechargeable battery, which has little deterioration, on at least one end of the row of the rechargeable batteries, in a row direction, in the assembled battery from which the unsatisfactory rechargeable battery has been removed.

A method is for replacing a rechargeable battery that is considered as an unsatisfactory rechargeable battery that needs replacing in an assembled battery in which rechargeable batteries are stacked and restrained in a row and electrically connected in series or in parallel. The method includes removing of finding at least one of the rechargeable batteries to be an unsatisfactory rechargeable battery in the assembled battery and removing the unsatisfactory rechargeable battery, and installing a satisfactory rechargeable battery, which has little deterioration, on at least one end of the row of the rechargeable batteries, in a row direction, in the assembled battery from which the unsatisfactory rechargeable battery has been removed.