The invention relates to a battery management system for a lithium ion battery of an electrical appliance, in particular an electrical hand tool or electrical gardening tool, which is configured in order to determine a difference between a current required by the electrical appliance and a predetermined measuring current which can be provided electrochemically by means of the lithium ion battery, and to cover the difference using a dielectric capacitance of the lithium ion battery in so far as this does not result in departure from predetermined acceptable operating states of the lithium ion battery. The invention further relates to a method for operating a lithium ion battery of an electrical appliance.

A Depth of Charge (DOC) setting apparatus includes a charging and discharging unit for completely charging a battery to a set target voltage and discharging the completely-charged battery; a profile obtaining unit for obtaining a voltage profile for capacity and voltage of the battery while the battery is charged and discharged and obtaining a differential profile for capacity and differential voltage of the battery from the obtained voltage profile; and a processor for sequentially selecting any one of a plurality of preset voltages and setting the selected preset voltage as the target voltage and for obtaining a feature value for a target peak in each of a plurality of differential profiles and setting a DOC for the battery based on the plurality of obtained feature values.

An energy storage system can comprise a stack of multiple battery modules, a plurality of ultrasound emitter transducers, a plurality of ultrasound receiving transducers, one or more excitation modules, one or more capture modules, and an ultrasound battery management system. Each ultrasound emitter transducer and each ultrasound receiving transducer can be acoustically coupled to a surface of a respective one of the battery modules. The excitation module(s) can be electrically interfaced with the plurality of ultrasound emitter transducers, and the capture module(s) can be electrically interface with the plurality of ultrasound receiving transducers. The ultrasound battery management system controller can be configured to initiate battery module ultrasound interrogation sequences.

An energy storage system can comprise a stack of multiple battery modules, a plurality of ultrasound emitter transducers, a plurality of ultrasound receiving transducers, one or more excitation modules, one or more capture modules, and an ultrasound battery management system. Each ultrasound emitter transducer and each ultrasound receiving transducer can be acoustically coupled to a surface of a respective one of the battery modules. The excitation module(s) can be electrically interfaced with the plurality of ultrasound emitter transducers, and the capture module(s) can be electrically interface with the plurality of ultrasound receiving transducers. The ultrasound battery management system controller can be configured to initiate battery module ultrasound interrogation sequences.

A fractional-order KiBaM battery model considering nonlinear capacity characteristics and a parameter identification method includes a temporary capacity portion and an available capacity portion for describing nonlinear capacity characteristics of a battery, wherein the temporary capacity portion represents the power that can be directly obtained during the discharge, indicating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery; the available capacity portion represents the power that cannot be directly obtained, and such two portions are connected; when the battery is discharged, the load current i flows out from the temporary capacity portion, and a power passing rate coefficient of such capacity portions is obtained; and the nonlinear capacity effect and recovery effect of the battery are denoted by the height ratio of the temporary capacity and available capacity portions in view of the magnitude of the fractional order of battery capacity characteristics.

Disclosed are methods, systems, and devices for battery formation. A first set of pulses, having a first frequency, and that carry a net zero charge, are applied to a battery. After the first set of pulses are applied to the battery, a second set of pulses that carry a net positive charge are applied to the battery. The second set of pulses are either applied after expiry of a particular time period following the application of the first set of pulses, or based on some battery measurements. After the second set of pulses are applied to the battery, a battery parameter is measured, and based on the measured battery parameter, a third set of pulses, having a second frequency, and that also carry a net zero charge, are applied to the battery.

A battery saving system (1) for an electrically powered mobility device (13) comprising a battery (15) and a drive control system (16) configured to be powered by the battery, wherein the battery saving system (1) comprises: a current monitoring circuit (3) configured to monitor a load current provided by the battery (15), wherein the current monitoring circuit (3) is configured to determine whether a load current magnitude is below a load current threshold level, a timer circuit (7) having a counter configured to successively count as long as the load current magnitude level is below the load current threshold level, and to reset the counter in the event that the load current level magnitude exceeds the current threshold level, and a disconnecting switch (9) configured to be operated between an open state and a closed state, wherein the timer circuit (7) is configured to trigger the disconnecting switch (9) to obtain the open state when the counter has reached a predetermined number to thereby disconnect the battery (15) from the drive control system (16).

A battery saving system (1) for an electrically powered mobility device (13) comprising a battery (15) and a drive control system (16) configured to be powered by the battery, wherein the battery saving system (1) comprises: a current monitoring circuit (3) configured to monitor a load current provided by the battery (15), wherein the current monitoring circuit (3) is configured to determine whether a load current magnitude is below a load current threshold level, a timer circuit (7) having a counter configured to successively count as long as the load current magnitude level is below the load current threshold level, and to reset the counter in the event that the load current level magnitude exceeds the current threshold level, and a disconnecting switch (9) configured to be operated between an open state and a closed state, wherein the timer circuit (7) is configured to trigger the disconnecting switch (9) to obtain the open state when the counter has reached a predetermined number to thereby disconnect the battery (15) from the drive control system (16).

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a server cabinet power backup system and a testing method thereof. In a self-test process of the power backup unit, the battery management module may be configured to: control the battery pack to supply power to the self-test resistor to discharge the battery pack, control the battery pack to be charged after the battery pack is discharged, and collect a charge and discharge parameter of the battery pack, and the battery management module may be further configured to: determine attenuation performance of the power backup unit according to the charge and discharge parameter of the battery pack.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a server cabinet power backup system and a testing method thereof. In a self-test process of the power backup unit, the battery management module may be configured to: control the battery pack to supply power to the self-test resistor to discharge the battery pack, control the battery pack to be charged after the battery pack is discharged, and collect a charge and discharge parameter of the battery pack, and the battery management module may be further configured to: determine attenuation performance of the power backup unit according to the charge and discharge parameter of the battery pack.