This magnetic detection device is provided with a plurality of magnetic sensors each including an excitation coil, a signal coil, and magnetic core layer, a driving circuit, and a detection circuit. A first axis sensor unit is constituted by at least two magnetic sensors out of the plurality of magnetic sensors, the at least two magnetic sensors being each arranged such that a detection direction thereof is aligned with a first axial direction. A second axis sensor unit is constituted by at least one magnetic sensor out of the plurality of magnetic sensors, the at least one magnetic sensor being arranged such that a detection direction thereof is aligned with a second axial direction intersecting with the first axial direction.

This magnetic detection device is provided with a plurality of magnetic sensor units each including an excitation coil and a signal coil formed as conductor patterns on a board and a magnetic core layer arranged on the board. The magnetic detection device is provided with a driving circuit that outputs an AC current to an excitation coil and a detection circuit that acquires a detection signal from the signal coil. The signal coils of the plurality of magnetic sensor units are connected to each other.

This magnetic detection device is provided with a plurality of magnetic sensor units each including an excitation coil and a signal coil formed as conductor patterns on a board and a magnetic core layer arranged on the board. The magnetic detection device is provided with a driving circuit that outputs an AC current to an excitation coil and a detection circuit that acquires a detection signal from the signal coil. The signal coils of the plurality of magnetic sensor units are connected to each other.

A hydrogen gas sensor utilizing electrically isolated tunneling magnetoresistive sensing elements is provided. The hydrogen gas sensor comprises: a substrate in an X-Y plane, tunneling magnetoresistive sensors located on the substrate, and a hydrogen sensing layer located on the tunnel magnetoresistive sensors. The hydrogen sensing layer and the tunneling magnetoresistive sensor are electrically isolated from each other. The hydrogen sensing layer includes a multi-layer thin film structure formed from palladium layers and ferromagnetic layers, wherein the palladium layers are used for absorbing hydrogen in the air that causes a change in the orientation angle of a magnetic anisotropy field in each of the ferromagnetic layers in the X-Z plane into an X-axis direction. The tunnel magnetoresistive sensors are used for detecting a magnetic field signal of the hydrogen sensing layer, wherein the magnetic signal determines the hydrogen gas concentration. This hydrogen gas sensor ensures measurement safety.

An optical magnetometer comprising: an optical resonator having a central void; and a magnetostrictive material located in the central void such that a change in dimension of the magnetostrictive material causes a change in mechanical modes of the optical resonator. Also a method of making the optical magnetometer.

An optical magnetometer comprising: an optical resonator having a central void; and a magnetostrictive material located in the central void such that a change in dimension of the magnetostrictive material causes a change in mechanical modes of the optical resonator. Also a method of making the optical magnetometer.

An exemplary system for determining field characteristics using one dimension of a vector field utilizes a field measurement apparatus configured to acquire measurement data of the vector field corresponding to one dimension of the vector field and at least one computing device configured to simultaneously solve a set of equations characterizing the vector field by composing the set of equations into discrete counterparts, obtaining the measurement data of the vector field as input data for the discrete counterparts to the set of equations, and computing output data satisfying the discrete counterparts to the set of equations in at least one vector dimension that differs from the vector dimension of the input data using a matrices solution.

An exemplary system for determining field characteristics using one dimension of a vector field utilizes a field measurement apparatus configured to acquire measurement data of the vector field corresponding to one dimension of the vector field and at least one computing device configured to simultaneously solve a set of equations characterizing the vector field by composing the set of equations into discrete counterparts, obtaining the measurement data of the vector field as input data for the discrete counterparts to the set of equations, and computing output data satisfying the discrete counterparts to the set of equations in at least one vector dimension that differs from the vector dimension of the input data using a matrices solution.

The innovative concept described herein relates to a sensor chip having at least two magnetic field sensors that are arranged adjacently to one another on the sensor chip and measure perpendicularly to the chip plane, wherein at least one of the magnetic field sensors has a planar coil arranged on it that is configured to generate a magnetic field directed perpendicularly to the chip plane. A controller is able to operate the magnetic field sensors in a calibration mode, in which the planar coil generates the magnetic field. For the purpose of calibrating the magnetic field sensors, a differential measurement may be taken that involves the response signal from one magnetic field sensor being subtracted from the response signal from the other magnetic field sensor.

A magnetic sensor that is easy to ensure the height of the yoke and that is also easy to guide magnetic flux in the direction in which the magnetic field sensing film detects a magnetic field is provided. The magnetic sensor includes first magnetic field detection element 21 that has first magnetic field sensing film 38 that detects a magnetic field in first direction X, and first yoke 23 that includes first portion 23a that is located on a side of first magnetic field sensing film 38 with respect to first direction X, and second portion 23b that is in contact with first portion 23a in direction Z that is orthogonal to first direction X. The average dimension of second portion 23b in first direction X is larger than the average dimension of first portion 23a in first direction X.