A method of operating a network node (140) of a network (100) is provided. The network (100) comprising a first access node (191) and at least one second access node (192-195). The method includes establishing a first state of one or more first beams (71-78) of a first transmission between the first access node (191) and a mobile device (90). The method further includes determining whether a certain one of one or more second beams (71-78) of a second transmission between the at least one second access node (192-195) and the mobile device (90) is to be activated, based on the first state and a predetermined mapping (51) between the first state and a second state of the one or more second beams (71-78), the second transmission comprising positioning reference signals (3056).

A method performed by a network node for locating a User Equipment (UE) is provided. The network node, the at least one portable network node and UE operate in a wireless communication network. The network node configures (204) the at least one portable network node to broadcast reference signals. The broadcasted reference signals trigger the UE to subsequently measure and report the quality of the respective reference signals to the network node. The network node then receives (205) subsequent measurement reports from the UE. Each measurement report comprises a current quality value of the reference signals sent by the respective at least one portable network node. The network node manages the respective at least one portable network node to approach the position of the UE by: Meanwhile analyzing the subsequent measurement reports, commanding (206) each of the at least one portable network node to move in a direction that is decided based on the analysis of its corresponding subsequent measurement reports one by one upon receiving them. The moving direction is to be performed such that quality values of its corresponding reference signals in subsequent measurement reports are increasing.

Localization systems and methods for transmitting timestampable localization signals from anchors according to one or more transmission schedules. The transmission schedules may be generated and updated to achieve desired positioning performance. For example, one or more anchors may transmit localization signals at a different rate than other anchors, the anchor transmission order can be changed, and the signals can partially overlap. In addition, different transmission parameters may be used to transmit two localization signals at the same time without interference. A self-localizing apparatus is able to receive the localization signals and determine its position. The self-localizing apparatus may have a configurable receiver that can select to receive one of multiple available localization signals. The self-localizing apparatuses may have a pair of receivers able to receive two localization signals at the same time. A bridge anchor may be provided to enable a self-localizing apparatus to seamlessly transition between two localization systems.

Aspects presented herein may enable one or more wireless devices to perform a sidelink-based ranging and/or positioning with an assistance of an RIS. In one aspect, a first wireless device receives an information indicating at least a time in which at least one RIS is to be activated. The first wireless device transmits a first set of reference signals to a second wireless device via the at least one RIS. The first wireless receives a second set of reference signals transmitted from the second wireless device via the at least one RIS. The first wireless calculates a first signal RTT based on the first set of reference signals and the second set of reference signals.

Systems and methods of collaborative localization for a vehicle are provided. In particular, one or more vehicles that are able to localize themselves with high accuracy may transmit timestamped localization information (i.e. localization packets) to a nearby vehicles which lack high-accuracy localization sensors. Each localization packet may include the location of the transmitting vehicle with respect to a global reference frame. Upon receiving the localization packets, a vehicle may use radiolocation techniques to estimate its location relative to the transmitting vehicle(s). Based on this estimation and the information in the localization packets, the vehicle may then estimate its location with respect to the global reference frame with a high degree of accuracy.

A system may include a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) including nodes. The nodes may include beacon-based clusterhead (BB-CH) nodes and members. Each of the nodes may be configured to transmit communication data packets and transmit beacons. Each of the nodes may have passive spatial awareness. For each of at least some of the BB-CH nodes having members, a BB-CH node may be configured to compile spatial awareness information of all members of the BB-CH node. The compiled spatial awareness information may include a BB-CH node identification, position-location information (PLI) of the BB-CH node, a quantity of the members, and a member list with PLI. For each of the at least some of the BB-CH nodes, the BB-CH node may be configured to broadcast, via efficient flooding, some or all of the compiled spatial awareness information to every connected node.

Disclosed are a method and apparatus for transmitting, by a first terminal, a first positioning reference signal (PRS) for relative positioning in a communication system that supports sidelink communication that supports a sidelink according to various embodiments. Disclosed are a method comprising the steps of: receiving a second PRS requesting transmission of the first PRS from a second terminal; measuring an angle of arrival (AoA) on the basis of the second PRS; determining a first PRS pattern of the first PRS on the basis of the AoA; determining a time resource region in which the transmission of the first PRS is requested on the basis of a second PRS pattern of the second PRS; and transmitting the first PRS on the basis of the first PRS pattern and the determined time resource region, and an apparatus therefor.

A system comprising a first apparatus, a second apparatus and a third apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is configured to provide, to a second apparatus, information regarding a number of antennas and/or an oversampling factor; the second apparatus is configured to transmit a plurality of beams in accordance with the information received from the first apparatus regarding the number of antennas and the oversampling factor; the third apparatus configured to receive a plurality of beamformed reference signals transmitted by the second apparatus, obtain measurement results for at least two of the plurality of beamformed reference signals, wherein the measurement results comprise one or more of: reference signal received power value, beam identifier, a value indicating uncertainty of the accuracy of the reference signal received power value; and transmit the measurement results to the second apparatus; and wherein the second apparatus is further configured to: process the received measurement results to obtain information regarding a position of the third apparatus and to transmit the obtained information regarding the position of the third apparatus to the first apparatus; and wherein the first apparatus is further configured to receive further measurement results from at least one further apparatus in addition to the second apparatus and to determine the location of the third apparatus based on the received measurement results and the received further measurement results.

A method by which a terminal operates in a wireless communication system, according to one embodiment, comprises the steps of: receiving time difference of arrival (TDoA) slots from anchor nodes (ANs); and measuring the position of the terminal by using the TDoA slots, wherein the TDoA slots include control information of the ANs and positioning reference signals (PRSs) of the ANs.

A microwave-based radio system for realising a precise landing approach (MLS), characterised in that an azimuth antenna transmitter and/or an elevation signal transmitter and/or a DME transmitter, and preferably all three said transmitters, are placed aboard an unmanned aerial vehicle, and in particular on a drone. The object of the disclosure is also a method for realising a precise landing approach using such a system.