A method, a sensor system, and a non-transitory computer readable medium are provided. Embodiments comprise receiving a plurality of incident signals reflected from a target at a plurality of receiver antennas. A processor identifies a subset of receiver antennas from the plurality of receiver antennas and performs angle of arrival (AOA) processing on respective incident signals of the subset of receiver antennas. The processor determines an angle of arrival of the target based on the AOA processing.

Embodiments of systems and methods for estimating direction of arrival are disclosed. A device includes a signal processing unit that includes processing circuitry and memory coupled to the processing circuitry, where the processing circuitry includes multiple vector processing units, each vector processing unit configured to receive an antenna input vector, receive an angular spectrum vector, retrieve a first and second weighting vectors from the memory, generate a processed antenna input vector by performing a circular convolution of the antenna input vector with the first weighting vector, generate a processed angular spectrum vector by performing a circular convolution of the angular spectrum vector with the second weighting vector, and generate a refined angular spectrum vector, which indicates angular position of one or more radar targets, by applying a non-linear activation function to a sum of the processed antenna input vector and the processed angular spectrum vector.

A method, performed by a network node, may be provided. The method comprises transmitting, to a wireless device, control signalling indicating to the wireless device that, upon receiving a downlink signal from the network node, the wireless device is to respond by transmitting an uplink signal. The downlink signal may comprise a first downlink polarisation and a second downlink polarisation. The uplink signal may comprise a first uplink polarisation and a second uplink polarisation. The downlink signal may have a measured downlink characteristic. The measured downlink characteristic may comprise a downlink amplitude ratio between the amplitude of the downlink signal in the first downlink polarisation and the amplitude of the downlink signal in the second downlink polarisation.

Techniques are provided for steering vector generation. A methodology implementing the techniques according to an embodiment includes converting time domain data received from an antenna array to channelized frequency domain data. The method also includes receiving a request from a signal detection system, the request including a timestamp and duration of a detected signal of interest (SOI) and an indication that the SOI is pulsed or continuous. The method further includes generating, for a pulsed SOI, steering vectors to steer the antenna array to the pulsed SOI based on a segment of the time domain data stored in a first memory and identified by the time stamp and duration; and generating, for a continuous SOI, steering vectors to steer the antenna array to the continuous SOI based on a segment of the channelized frequency domain data stored in a second memory and identified by the time stamp and duration.

An apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival, comprises: a window setting unit for setting a window time that is a time interval for comparing a template signal and each of a plurality of reception signals obtained by receiving a transmission signal transmitted a pre-designated number of times; a template generator that generates a template signal of a waveform corresponding to the transmission signal, by adjusting a generation time point in units of the window time; a plurality of signal correlators provided corresponding to each of the plurality of antennas, and detecting a level of a correlation signal obtained by correlating a corresponding reception signal; and an angle of arrival determination unit, determining a reception time at which each of the plurality of reception signals is received by a corresponding antenna, and estimating the angle of arrival of the transmission signal using a difference between the determined reception times.

Disclosed in the present invention is a two-dimensional direction-of-arrival estimation method for a coprime surface array based on virtual domain tensor filling, which mainly solves the problems of the loss of multi-dimensional signal structural information and the inability to fully utilize virtual domain statistics in the existing method. The steps thereof are as follows: constructing a coprime surface array; modeling a tensor of a received signal of the coprime surface array; constructing an augmented non-continuous virtual surface array based on cross-correlation tensor transformation of the coprime surface array; deriving a virtual domain tensor based on mirror extension of the non-continuous virtual surface array; dispersing contiguous missing elements by reconstructing the virtual domain tensor; filling the virtual domain tensor based on the minimization of a tensor kernel norm; and decomposing a filled virtual domain tensor to obtain a direction-of-arrival estimation result.

Disclosed in the present invention is a method for estimating a direction of arrival of a sub-array partition type L-shaped coprime array based on fourth-order sampling covariance tensor denoising. The implementation steps are as follows: constructing an L-shaped coprime array partitioned with linear sub-arrays; modeling a receiving signal of the L-shaped coprime array and deriving a second-order cross-correlation matrix thereof; deriving a fourth-order covariance tensor based on the cross-correlation matrix; realizing fourth-order sampling covariance tensor denoising based on kernel tensor thresholding; deriving a fourth-order virtual domain signal based on denoised sampling covariance tensor; constructing a denoised structured virtual domain tensor; obtaining a direction of arrival estimation result by decomposing the structured virtual domain tensor. The present invention makes full use of the statistical distribution characteristics of the high-order tensor of the constructed sub-array partition type L-shaped coprime array, realizes high-precision two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation through denoised virtual domain tensor signal processing, and can be used for target positioning.