The system and method represents a high-resolution, three-dimensional, multi-static precipitation RADAR approach that employs agile microsatellites, in formation and remotely coupled. This system and method uses multi-static RADAR interferometric methods implemented via a microsatellite formation to synthesize an effectively large (e.g., 15 m when using the Ku RF band) aperture to provide about 1 km horizontal resolution and about 125 m vertical resolution.

A method of calculating ionospheric scintillation includes calculating a motion-corrected perturbation of a GNSS radio signal received by a monitoring device deployed in an oceanic environment. The method includes calculating the σΦ using the high rate phase of the GNSS signal adjusted by removing the change in distance between the monitoring device and the GNSS satellite. The calculating the σΦ may further include passing the adjusted high rate phase through a high pass filter to remove a drift motion of the monitoring device. The method further includes calculating the S.sub.4 through calculating a tilt angle between the antenna of the monitoring device with the GNSS satellite and adjusting the antenna gain through known gain pattern of the antenna. The wave height of the oceanic environment may be calculated by detrending the antenna height to remove low frequency motion when a high rate position of the monitoring device is calculated.

Methods and systems of displaying weather data for a cockpit display system of an aircraft. The methods and systems include generating a display to include a first graphical map of real-time weather data from a weather radar. The display further includes a notification graphic associated with a portion of part of a displayed flight plan in which a significant weather condition exists. When the notification graphic is selected, the display includes the first graphical map of the real time weather data based on weather data from the weather radar and a second graphical map of significant weather conditions data derived from transmitted weather data.

The present invention relates to a method of controlling abiotic stress on warm-season turfgrass using an effective amount of acibenzolar-s-methyl.

The system and method represents a high-resolution, three-dimensional, multi-static precipitation RADAR approach that employs agile microsatellites, in formation and remotely coupled, via a new high-precision, ultra-low power, remote timing synchronization technology. This system and method uses multi-static RADAR interferometric methods implemented via a microsatellite formation to synthesize an effectively large (e.g., 15 m) aperture to provide about 1 km horizontal resolution and about 125 m vertical resolution in the Ku-band.

Implementation of radio frequency applications in satellite environments can be constrained by size, mass, cost, and power limitations. These applications can include radar, communications, radio astronomy, or other scientific or industrial applications. A variety of systems are provided to facilitate recording of baseband radio frequency signals at high bandwidth and low power using low-cost components. These systems include field-programmable gate arrays or other programmable logic devices integrating between high-frequency ADCs and two or more multiplexed non-volatile storage mediums. Also provided are systems for providing calibration and self-test functionality in a low-cost, flexible, low-power radio frequency frontend. These systems include high-frequency switches configured to allow a calibration and/or self-test pulse to be acquired for each radar pulse generated by the system.

A global airspace surveillance system is disclosed that includes a plurality of satellites that receive weather information from GNSS satellites, and that derive air traffic information from air traffic via satellite antennas directed toward earth's horizon.

Methods and systems for generating a composite image in remote sensing applications are described. In an example, a device can receive an image having a plurality of points specified in an image space. The device can extract a portion of the image and transform points among the extracted portion from the image space to a parameter space defined by a distance parameter and an orientation parameter. The device can identify a set of intersection points in the parameter space that indicate at least one occurrence of a geometry feature in the extracted portion of the image. The device can augment the portion of the image with a plurality of new pixels based on the identified set of intersection points. The device can generate a composite image using the augmented image, where the composite image can include a plurality of augmented images corresponding to other portions of the image.

An observation method comprises a step for calculating first predicted observation data for a first area of interest as a function of second observation data acquired by a second observation satellite in stationary orbit for the first area of interest and/or first observation data acquired by the first observation satellite for first observation areas located near the first area of interest, and reference observation data previously recorded in a database; and/or a step for calculating second predicted observation data, for a second area of interest as a function of first observation data acquired by the first observation satellite in drift orbit and reference observation data.

Many in the space weather community consider our understanding of the buoyancy of the thermosphere and its effects on the orbits of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to be insufficient during short time frames. Disclosed herein is an approach for making on-demand thermosphere buoyancy measurements using a deployable low mass retroreflector with CubeSat-like dimensions. A CubeSat storing many retroreflectors can dispense one or more of these passive satellites according to a predetermined schedule or on-command, in response to an observed space weather phenomenon like a coronal mass ejection. With measurements of the orbit decay from these passive satellites, a better understanding of the relationship between space weather and orbital decay can be established with relatively low cost.