A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver for processing satellite signals with integer cross ambiguity resolution. The receiver includes an antenna assembly receiving signals from a set of GNSS satellites. The receiver includes a transceiver establishing a communication link with a spaced-apart GNSS receiver and receiving data from the spaced-apart GNSS receiver to make up a base station and rover pair performing DD techniques. The receiver includes a processor and a cross ambiguity fixing module provided by the processor executing code to generate an error correction. The receiver includes an estimator provided by the processor executing code to provide a geographical position solution by DD processing the data from the space-apart GNSS receiver and the signals from the set of GNSS satellites along with the error correction, which may provide a search space with more DD ambiguities or may address quarter or half cycle bias between receiver types.

A method for disseminating corrections can include receiving a set of satellite observations at a GNSS receiver; transmitting the corrections to the GNSS receiver, wherein the corrections; and determining a position of the GNSS receiver, wherein the set of satellite observations are corrected using the corrections. A system for disseminating corrections can include a positioning engine operating on a computing system collocated with a GNSS antenna; and a corrections generator operating on a computing system remote from the GNSS antenna, wherein the corrections generator is configured to transmit corrections to the positioning engine, wherein the positioning engine is configured to determine a high accuracy position of the GNSS antenna using the corrections, wherein the corrections are rebroadcast to the positioning engine with a time period less than an update time period for changing the corrections.

A navigation processing system includes at least one processor configured to execute operational instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations that include generating navigation data. A data stream is generated based on the navigation data and a data channel spreading sequence. A pilot stream is generated based on a pilot channel spreading sequence. A navigation signal is generated based on applying a bandwidth-efficient modulation scheme to the data stream and the pilot stream. The navigation is signal is broadcast via a navigation signal transmitter for receipt by at least one client device.

Machine learning techniques can be used to mitigate multipath in a GNSS receiver that includes a first trained model that provides extra path length (EPL) corrections in the GNSS receiver. The first trained model can be updated using an updated and trained model from one or more assistance servers that are in communication with the GNSS receiver. The GNSS receiver can provide, for a particular computed position and time, extracted features from received GNSS signals to the one or more assistance servers. The assistance servers can then use the extracted features and a source of true EPL corrections (e.g., from a 3D building map database for the particular computed position and time) to train a server model. The server model, once trained to a desired level of accuracy, can be transmitted to the GNSS receiver to replace the first trained model. The server model can be compared to the first trained model to verify it can provide more accurate EPL corrections than the first trained model. The server model and the source of true EPL corrections can be specific for a geographic region, so different regions have different server models based on the corresponding sources of true EPL corrections.

Methods and systems are provided for measuring the zeta potential of macroscopic solid surfaces including and not limited to: porous samples, flat substrates, coarse particles, and granular samples. Methods include: subjecting the sample to an injection of a first aqueous solution at an initial pressure with an initial ion concentration; measuring a first electrical conductivity and a first temperature of the first aqueous solution; measuring a first pH and a second pH of the first aqueous solution immediately before and after passing the first aqueous solution through the sample; measuring a first ion concentration and a second ion concentration of the first aqueous solution immediately before and after passing the first aqueous solution through the sample; and processing the measured data to derive a first zeta potential from the first electrical conductivity and the first temperature.

The disclosure relates to a method for GNSS-based localization of a vehicle, comprising at least the following steps: a) receiving GNSS-satellite signals from GNSS satellites and determining at least one item of distance information about the distance between the vehicle and the GNSS satellite emitting the relevant GNSS-satellite signal, b) determining at least one item of environmental information about the environment around the vehicle using image information determined using at least one environment sensor of the vehicle, which is capable of capturing images of at least part of the environment around the vehicle from different perspectives, c) determining at least one item of correction information using the at least one environmental information item, and d) correcting the at least one distance information item by means of the at least one correction information item.

The disclosure relates to a method for GNSS-based localization of a vehicle, comprising at least the following steps: a) receiving GNSS-satellite signals from GNSS satellites and determining at least one item of distance information about the distance between the vehicle and the GNSS satellite emitting the relevant GNSS-satellite signal, b) determining at least one item of environmental information about the environment around the vehicle using image information determined using at least one environment sensor of the vehicle, which is capable of capturing images of at least part of the environment around the vehicle from different perspectives, c) determining at least one item of correction information using the at least one environmental information item, and d) correcting the at least one distance information item by means of the at least one correction information item.

A tracking problem detection system for a machine may include tracking diagnostic circuitry including one or more tracking diagnostic processors configured to receive a location signal indicative of a location of a machine and a path signal indicative of a path location associated with at least a portion of a path for the machine to follow while maneuvering. The tracking diagnostic processors may also be configured to determine a tracking difference between the path location and the location of the machine, and determine a frequency of a signal associated with the tracking difference and/or a frequency of a signal associated with a yaw rate associated with the maneuvering. The tracking diagnostic processors may also be configured to detect, based at least in part on the frequencies of the signals associated with the tracking difference and/or the yaw rate, a tracking problem associated with maneuvering the machine.

A tracking problem detection system for a machine may include tracking diagnostic circuitry including one or more tracking diagnostic processors configured to receive a location signal indicative of a location of a machine and a path signal indicative of a path location associated with at least a portion of a path for the machine to follow while maneuvering. The tracking diagnostic processors may also be configured to determine a tracking difference between the path location and the location of the machine, and determine a frequency of a signal associated with the tracking difference and/or a frequency of a signal associated with a yaw rate associated with the maneuvering. The tracking diagnostic processors may also be configured to detect, based at least in part on the frequencies of the signals associated with the tracking difference and/or the yaw rate, a tracking problem associated with maneuvering the machine.

A position measuring system includes: a connection destination candidate selecting unit which selects a connection destination candidate for each of a plurality of route coordinates on a route included in route information, on the basis of the distance between each of the plurality of route coordinates and reference stations included in a reference station list; and a connection destination information generating unit which determines a connection destination for which to acquire the correction information, on the basis of prescribed determining criteria, from among the connection destination candidates selected by the connection destination candidate selecting means, and generates and outputs connection destination information relating to the determined connection destination.