A radiation detector having a plurality of pixels is provided. A respective one of the plurality of pixels includes a base substrate; a thin film transistor on the base substrate; an insulating layer on a side of the thin film transistor away from the base substrate; a photosensor on a side of the insulating layer away from the base substrate; a passivation layer on a side of the photosensor away from the base substrate; a scintillation layer on a side of the passivation layer away from the base substrate; and a reflective layer on a side of the scintillation layer away from the base substrate. The photosensor includes a first polarity layer in direct contact with the passivation layer. All sides of the first polarity layer other than a side internal to the photosensor are entirely in direct contact with the passivation layer.

An object is to improve the reliability of output information by simplifying a wiring route. A radiation image sensor includes a radiation detector in which a plurality of pixels of a charge generator for generating a charge corresponding to energy or the number of particles of incident radiation and a plurality of read circuits for outputting a digital value based on the charge generated by each pixel of the charge generator are mutually stacked and two-dimensionally disposed, and a circuit board on which a plurality of radiation detectors is disposed, in which the plurality of read circuits of one radiation detector is configured to transfer data indicating a digital value in the plurality of read circuits and then output the data to another adjacent radiation detector in response to a control signal from the outside.

X-ray detectors for generating digital images are disclosed. An example digital X-ray detector includes: a scintillation screen; a reflector configured to reflect light generated by the scintillation screen; and a digital imaging sensor configured to generate a digital image of the light reflected by the reflector.

A system for directional detection of radiation, comprises a plurality of scintillating crystals, responsive to the radiation and being arranged three-dimensionally, with voids between adjacent crystals, such that there are crystals that are inner and crystals that are outer within the arrangement. The system also comprises a plurality of light sensors coupled to the crystals for receiving optical signals from the crystals and responsively generating electrical signals, and a data processor receiving an electrical signal separately from each light sensor and calculating a direction of the radiation based on relative intensities of the signals and mutual occultation among different crystals.

A method and apparatus are provided for nonlinear energy correction of a gamma-ray detector using a calibration spectrum acquired from the background radiation of lutetium isotope 176 (Lu-176) present in scintillators in the gamma-ray detector. Further, by periodically acquiring Lu-176 spectra using the background radiation from the scintillators, the nonlinear energy correction can be monitored to detect when changes in the gamma-ray detector cause the detector to go out of calibration, and then use a newly acquired Lu-176 spectrum to update the calibration of the nonlinear energy correction as needed. The detector calibration is performed by comparing a reference histogram to a calibration histogram generated using the nonlinear energy correction, and adjusting the parameters of the nonlinear energy correction until the two histograms match. Alternatively, the detector calibration is performed by comparing reference and calibration values for specific spectral features, rather than for the whole Lu-176 spectrum.

A fault checker system for an X-ray detector, comprising an input interface (IN) for receiving readings acquired by a target detector pixel not exposed to X-radiation. A converter (CV) is configured to convert the readings into a metric. A thresholder (CP) is configured to compare the metric against at least one threshold and, based on the comparing, provide an indication on whether the detector pixel is faulty.

Provided are a scintillator and the like capable of improving emission intensity. A scintillator (S) comprises a sapphire substrate (6), a GaN layer (4) that is provided on the incident side to the sapphire substrate (6) and includes GaN, a quantum well structure (3) provided on the incident side to the GaN layer (4), and a conductive layer (2) provided on the incident side to the quantum well structure (3), wherein a plurality of emitting layers (21) including InGaN and a plurality of barrier layers (22) including GaN are alternatively stacked in the quantum well structure (3), and an oxygen-containing layer (23) including oxygen is provided between the quantum well structure (3) and the conductive layer (2).

The present invention provides a method of calibrating gamma-ray and photon counting detectors, including, but not limited to, monolithic crystal detectors. The method of the present invention is based on the observation that measurement of fan beam datasets allows the synthesis of collimated beam data to derive MDRFs by use of an algorithm that finds the common or intersecting data subsets of two or more orthogonal calibration datasets. This makes the calibration process very efficient while still allowing the full benefits of maximum-likelihood event-parameter estimation that incorporates the statistical nature of the light sensor measurements.

A radiation detector includes a wiring board, a first image sensor, a second image sensor, a first fiber optic plate, a second fiber optic plate, and a scintillator layer. The first fiber optic plate can guide light between a first light entering region and a first light exiting region. The second fiber optic plate can guide light between a second light entering region and a second light exiting region. One side of the first light entering region and one side of the second light entering region are in contact with each other. The first light exiting region is positioned on a first light receiving region. The second light exiting region is positioned on a second light receiving region. One side surface of a first side surface and one side surface of a second side surface exhibit shapes along each other and in contact with each other.

An object to provide a radiation detector and method for manufacturing a radiation detector. According to an embodiment, a radiation detector includes: a photodiode layer having at least one pixel; and a scintillator layer including at least one geometrical shape including a scintillating material and a polymer, wherein the scintillating material is configured to convert incident ionising radiation into nonionising electromagnetic radiation, and wherein the at least one geometrical shape is configured to guide at least part of the converted electromagnetic radiation into the at least one pixel. A radiation detector and a method for manufacturing a radiation detector are also disclosed.