An optical element is configured to be worn in front of an eye of a wearer. The optical element has two main surfaces and includes at least one holographic diffusive element having diffusive properties resulting from spatial variations of refractive index of said holographic diffusive element. The spatial variation of refractive index is greater than 0.001 at at least one given wavelength, on a distance less than 30 μm. An optical equipment includes the optical element and methods for recording a holographic medium onto an optical lens.

A beam-splitting element and a projection device provide an image with good uniformity. The beam-splitting element has first and second regions, and the beam-splitting element includes first and second pattern films. The first pattern film is located on the second region and allows a light beam with an emission wavelength within a first waveband range to penetrate. The second pattern film is located on the second region and reflects the light beam with the emission wavelength within the first waveband range. The first and second pattern films are not overlapped with each other, and the first and second pattern films form a beam-splitting pattern together on the second region. A ratio of an area of the first pattern film occupied in the second region is between 30% and 70%. The beam-splitting element of the invention provides an image projected from the projection device with good uniformity.

An optical assembly includes a spacer layer which is translucent or transparent; an image forming reflector which has a reflective layer being formed at least in a first region of the spacer layer; and a protective layer which is laminated over the spacer layer and the image forming reflector and the protective layer being translucent or transparent. The spacer layer is made of a polyolefin or/and a polymer containing an aryl group. The image forming reflector includes a visible image which is authenticatable. The image forming reflector has an individual information record in which a code is stored in the form of a plurality of removed linear segments. The image forming reflector has white level regions and a black level region in planar view. Each of the white level regions has the removed linear segments formed therein. The black level region is interposed between the white level regions.

An external light use type display body including: a light diffusion control layer; a display layer; and a reflective layer. The light diffusion control layer has a regular internal structure that comprises a plurality of regions having a relatively high refractive index in a region having a relatively low refractive index. The reflective layer has a patterned indented structure when at least one cross section cut in a thickness direction is viewed. When the entrance plane is irradiated with light rays that travel on the light ray traveling plane with a predetermined incident angle while being scanned along an intersection line of the light ray traveling plane and the entrance plane, the ratio of the light rays satisfying the following Formula (1) or Formula (2) is 50% or more.
θ.sub.id<θ.sub.dd−≤θ.sub.od≤θ.sub.dd+  (1)
θ.sub.dd−≤θ.sub.id≤θ.sub.dd+<θ.sub.od  (2)

A wire grid structure and a manufacturing method therefor, and a projection screen are provided. The manufacturing method includes: extruding a molten mixed material body in a melt extruder to a casting roll to form a casting piece; patterning the casting piece by means of an impression roll to form a precursor having a preset wire grid structure pattern, where the precursor is wound on the impression roll and has a first dimension in a height direction; stretching the precursor by a first group of stretching rolls and a second group of stretching rolls in two opposite directions along a direction perpendicular to the height direction to form the wire grid structure, a preset distance being configured between the first group of stretching rolls and the second group of stretching rolls. The wire grid structure has a second dimension in the height direction that is greater than the second dimension.

An optical lens optical lens includes a prism, a first lens group, a second lens group, and a third lens group arranged from the object image to the image side. A first diaphragm is between the first lens group and the prism. A second diaphragm is between the second lens group and the third lens group or the first lens group. In the long-focus state, the first diaphragm is an aperture diaphragm, and the second diaphragm is a flare eliminating diaphragm. In the short-focus state, the second diaphragm is an aperture diaphragm, and the first diaphragm is a flare eliminating diaphragm.

A light diffusion member constituting a head-up display device includes multiple micro-lenses and has a curved base surface. The edge angle is larger than the base surface angle change amount. The edge angle is an angle formed by one of tangent lines of two micro-lenses and the other of the tangent lines passing through a boundary between two adjacent micro-lenses on a cross section orthogonal to the base surface. A reference line has a constant direction on the cross section, and a normal line passes at an arbitrary position on the base surface. The maximum value is θ.sub.max and the minimum value is θ.sub.min among angles between the normal line and the reference line. The base surface angle change amount is the absolute value of the difference between θ.sub.max and θ.sub.min.

The present invention relates generally to low glare illumination arrays and luminaires which act to disperse light into a three-dimensional space providing more uniform and even illumination with reduced glare. The present invention also relates to luminaires and illumination systems employing an array of solid state light sources with shaped bezel light diffusers which act to reduce glare and provide more uniform and even illumination of surfaces and spaces. The present invention also relates to luminaires employing a plurality of linear LED arrays equipped with shaped bezel light diffusers collectively oriented at a common acute angle, optionally including internally curved reflective or non-reflective surfaces to provide improved illumination with reduced glare.

In various embodiments, the present invention is directed to an interior-light-utilizing display obtained by laminating a reflection structure and a light diffusion film, in which the light diffusion film has an internal structure including a plurality of regions having a relatively high refractive index in a region having a relatively low refractive index in the film. The interior-light-utilizing display provides improved luminance and is capable of stably maintaining constant display characteristics even where the incident angle of the external light changes.

A flight vehicle of an embodiment includes a wing, double-side generation type solar cells, and a light reflecting part. The wing has an outer shell member. The outer shell member has transmittance. The wing is formed by an outer shell member in a hollow shape. The solar cells are disposed on the upper surface of the wing. The light reflecting part is provided on an inner surface of the outer shell member.