A system and method are provided for forming energy filter layers or shutter components, including energy scattering layers that are actively electrically switchable. The energy filters or shutter components are operable between at least a first mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the shutter components, appear substantially transparent when viewed from an energy/light incident side, and a second mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the energy filters or shutter components, appear opaque to the incident energy impinging on the energy incident side. The differing modes are selectable by electrically energizing, differentially energizing and/or de-energizing electric fields in a vicinity of the energy scattering layers. Refractive indices of transparent particles, and the transparent matrices in which the particles are fixed, are tunable according to the applied electric fields. The energy scattering layers may conceal a sensor such as a camera or photovoltaic cell.

The present invention provides a diffuser plate in a simple structure capable of achieving optical properties with less luminance irregularity and color irregularity and good quality of appearance. A diffuser plate is a diffuser plate where a plurality of microlenses are placed on a principal surface, shapes of the plurality of microlenses along a cross-section perpendicular to the principal surface are different from one another and do not have an axis of symmetry. A method for designing the diffuser plate includes steps of determining a specific reference microlens; placing the reference microlens on the principal surface; forming a specific phase modulation shape; and determining a shape of the plurality of microlenses by combining the specific reference microlens and the specific phase modulation shape.

A dielectric layer comprising an embossed surface and a flat surface which is located at a side opposite to the embossed surface is provided. The plane that approximates the flat surface is the X-Y plane, and the normal direction to the X-Y plane is the Z direction. The embossed surface has inclined surfaces that are inclined with respect to the Z direction, and the inclined surfaces reflect incident light incident on the dielectric layer and emerge reflected light. The elevation angle, which is an angle between the inclined surface and the X-Y plane, is α. The refractive index of the dielectric layer is n. These values satisfy Formula (1): sin α≤(1/n)<sin 2α.

Shaped articles 42, 43 are inseparably and integrally formed of a colorless transparent material or a colored transparent material, and a peripheral surface has an uneven shape. In the shaped article 42 formed by a flat and irregular polyhedron and the article 43 formed by a plurality of recesses 44 shaped by burning, the entered light is refracted and reflected in various directions and radiated outside the shaped articles to be seen by a viewer. In the shaped article 43, a housed object 45 is visually complemented by the shadowed part of the recesses 44. Thus, the light is seen by the viewer. The visual effect of making the front surface shine brightly can be kept by dispersing and reflecting incident light. In addition, a risk of bodily injury and environmental disaster caused by light concentration can be avoided by suppressing transmission light irradiated from the irregular polyhedron and the recesses 44.

A system and method are provided for forming body structures including energy filters/shutter components, including energy/light directing/scattering layers that are actively electrically switchable. The filters or components are operable between at least a first mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the shutter components, appear substantially transparent when viewed from an energy/light incident side, and a second mode in which the layers, and thus the presentation of the energy filters or shutter components, appear opaque to the incident energy impinging on the energy incident side. The differing modes are selectable by electrically energizing, differentially energizing and/or de-energizing electric fields in a vicinity of the energy scattering layers, including electric fields generated between a pair of transparent electrodes sandwiching an energy scattering layer. Refractive indices of transparent particles, and the transparent matrices in which the particles are fixed, are tunable according to the applied electric fields.

A projection screen with a design in which the apexes of multiple triangular pyramidal units of the projection screen in an array arrangement change gradually according to a predetermined relation, an image light shone from a projector is reflected by a microstructure layer having the triangular pyramidal units and then converged in a range centered around the human eyes, so as to reduce the degree of difference in brightness at different viewing positions, thus ensuring that the projection screen is provided with excellent uniformity and high gain.

A structure for facilitating virtual experiences comprises: a structural support having a first side facing toward an interior of the structure, a second side opposite the first side, and an intra-support hollow disposed between the first and second sides. An IR reflective surface is adjacent to at least a portion of the second side of the structural support. An IR emitter within the hollow between the first and second sides is configured to emit IR light toward the IR reflective surface, such that the IR light is reflected toward the interior of the structure.

An immersive display system is disclosed that includes screens configured to mitigate reduction in contrast ratio due at least in part to peripheral light incident on the screens. The immersive display system includes at least two screens and at least two projector systems. The screens have a multi-layered structure configured to selectively reflect light in a tailored polarization state. Adjacent screens can be configured to selectively reflect light in orthogonal polarization states. The projector systems can be configured to project video onto their respective screens with light in a suitable polarization state. The screens can be further configured to selectively reflect light within a plurality of tailored spectral bands, the spectral bands being different for respective screens.

A light reflecting lens includes a lens body, a light diffusion layer, and a light-transmitting cover layer. The lens body has a front surface and a back surface opposite to each other. The light diffusion layer includes spread aggregates formed by spraying a dispersion of light-transmitting resinous micro-beads and is formed on one of the front and back surfaces of the lens body. The light-transmitting cover layer is formed on the light diffusion layer. The spread aggregates have a mean aggregate size such that the light reflecting lens has a haze not larger than 3% and a transmittance not less than 3%.

A light source system and a lighting apparatus comprising: a light-emitting module which emits first light along a first light path and second light along a second light path; a wavelength conversion device which received the first light to emit excited light with a different color from that of the first light; and a compensation device which guides the second light and adjusts a luminous intensity distribution of the second light so that the luminous intensity distribution of the second light exiting from the compensation device is substantially identical to that of the excited light. The second light exiting from the compensation device is combined with the excited light to form third light to be emitted from the light source system. The luminous intensity distributions of the first light and the second light in the third light are substantially the same, and illumination light spots have a uniform color.