An optical device includes an overcoat layer on a surface-relief grating. The overcoat layer is formed by a process including: depositing a layer of a first resin material that is curable by heat or electromagnetic radiation on a surface-relief grating that includes a plurality of grating ridges and a plurality of grating grooves to at least partially fill the plurality of grating grooves, curing the layer of the first resin material, depositing a layer of a second resin material that is curable by heat or electromagnetic radiation and has a higher flowability than the first resin material on the layer of the first resin material, annealing the layer of the second resin material to allow the second resin material to flow and form a planar top surface, and curing the layer of the second resin material.

Provided are: a light guide element that includes an intermediate diffraction element to expand exit pupil such that a light utilization efficiency is high and a decrease in the brightness of an image to be displayed can be suppressed; and an image display apparatus. The light guide element includes a light guide plate, an incidence diffraction element, an intermediate diffraction element, and an emission diffraction element, in which the incidence diffraction element, the intermediate diffraction element, and the emission diffraction element include a liquid crystal layer that is formed of a composition including a liquid crystal compound and has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in at least one in-plane direction, in a cross-section of the liquid crystal layer observed with a SEM, bright portions and dark portions derived from a liquid crystal phase are tilted with respect to a main surface of the liquid crystal layer, and in a case where an interval between the bright portions or between the dark portions is represented by a ½ pitch, the pitch P.sub.in of the incidence diffraction element and the pitch P.sub.e of the intermediate diffraction element satisfy P.sub.in<P.sub.e.

The present invention relates to a microstructure 20 having pores 22 on its surface or inside. The microstructure is a sheet containing an energy ray active resin 21. The pores 22 are formed in a vertical array and are in a formation pattern with a Talbot distance being specified by Formula 1 below:

Z.sub.T=(2nd.sup.2)/λ  [Formula 1] where Z.sub.T represents a Talbot distance (nm), n represents a refractive index, d represents a pitch distance (nm), and λ represents a light wavelength (nm). The pores have a periodic shape in the planar direction. Thus, the present invention provides three-dimensional microfabricated structures through which the periodicity is controlled.

The present disclosure relates to display systems and, more particularly, to augmented reality display systems. A diffraction grating includes a plurality of different diffracting zones having a periodically repeating lateral dimension corresponding to a grating period adapted for light diffraction. The diffraction grating additionally includes a plurality of different liquid crystal layers corresponding to the different diffracting zones. The different liquid crystal layers have liquid crystal molecules that are aligned differently, such that the different diffracting zones have different optical properties associated with light diffraction.

A method includes: forming a first plurality of tiers that each comprises first and second dummy layers over a substrate, wherein within each tier, the second dummy layer is disposed above the first dummy layer; forming a second plurality of recessed regions in the first plurality of tiers, wherein at least one subgroup of the second plurality of recessed regions extend through respective different numbers of the second dummy layers; and performing an etching operation to concurrently forming a third plurality of trenches with respective different depths in the substrate through the at least one subgroup of the second plurality of recessed regions.

An optical assembly a substrate having a first surface and a second surface that is opposite to and substantially parallel with the first surface. The first surface has a first curved profile and the second surface has a second curved profile. The optical assembly also includes a beam splitter on the first surface and a reflector on the second surface. The optical assembly is configured to transmit image light received at the first surface in an optical path that includes reflection at each of the reflector and the beam splitter before the image light is output from the second surface. The optical assembly is also configured to transmit ambient light received at the first surface such that the second light is output from the second surface without undergoing reflection at either the reflector or the beam splitter. A method of transmitting light through the optical assembly is also disclosed.

The invention relates to image display technology, in particular to a device for rendering an augmented reality image and a system for realizing augmented reality display comprising the device. The device according to one aspect of the invention comprises: an optical waveguide lens; and a first two-dimensional grating array located on a surface of the optical waveguide lens; a second two-dimensional grating array located on the surface of the optical waveguide lens, wherein, positions of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array on the surface of the optical waveguide lens are set so that larger edges of the two are opposite, wherein, the first two-dimensional grating array is configured such that rays incident on the first two-dimensional grating array expands to the entire first two-dimensional grating array on the one hand, and propagates to the second two-dimensional grating array on the other hand, wherein, the second two-dimensional grating array is configured such that rays propagating to the second two-dimensional grating array expands to the entire second two-dimensional grating array on the one hand, and emits from the optical waveguide lens on the other hand, wherein, the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array have the same period.

An apparatus including a first substrate including a first incoupling diffractive optical element configured to couple light into the first substrate, and a first outcoupling diffractive optical element configured to output, from the first substrate, light that has been coupled into the first substrate; and a second substrate including a second incoupling diffractive optical element configured to couple light into the second substrate, and a second outcoupling diffractive optical element configured to output, from the second substrate, light that has been coupled into the second substrate; wherein the first and second incoupling diffractive optical elements are substantially inverse of each other and the first and second outcoupling diffractive optical elements are substantially inverse of each other.

A method of processing a transparent workpiece that includes directing a laser beam combination comprising a first beam and a second beam into the transparent workpiece simultaneously, the first beam passing through an impingement surface of the transparent workpiece at a first impingement location and the second beam passing through the impingement surface at a second impingement location. The first beam forms a first laser beam focal line in the transparent workpiece and generates a first induced absorption to produce a first defect segment within the transparent workpiece, the first defect segment having a first chamfer angle and the second beam forms a second laser beam focal line in the transparent workpiece and generates a second induced absorption to produce a second defect segment within the transparent workpiece, the second defect segment having a second chamfer angle, the second chamfer angle differing from the first chamfer angle.

A display device includes a display panel that emits light from a plurality of pixels arrayed at predetermined pixel array pitches and an optical film, placed over the display panel so as to allow passage of light from the plurality of pixels, that includes first and second optical functional parts differing in optical performance from each other. The first and second optical functional parts are arrayed at predetermined functional part array pitches. Assuming that p (μm) denotes the pixel array pitches, that q (μm) denotes the functional part array pitches, and that d (μm) denotes a distance in a face-to-face direction between surfaces of the pixels that face the optical film and a surface of the optical film that faces the pixels, q≤0.5p and tan(asin(0.7/q))<p/d hold.