An optical member, a polarization member, and a display device are provided. The optical member includes a substrate, and a functional layer provided on the substrate, the functional layer including a high refractive layer and a low refractive layer, wherein the high refractive layer has a higher refractive index than that of the substrate and a diffraction grating structure, and the low refractive layer has a lower refractive index than that of the high refractive layer, wherein an interface between the substrate and the high refractive layer and an interface between the high refractive layer and the low refractive layer are in states in which components of the respective layers with the respective interfaces therebetween are compatible with each other.

An optical coupler device comprises a substrate having a substantially planar upper surface, and a grating structure on the upper surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the grating structure comprises a copropagating array of waveguides that are substantially parallel to each other and extend along at least a portion of the upper surface of the substrate. Each of the waveguides has opposing sidewalls, wherein a width of each waveguide is defined by a distance between the opposing sidewalls. The opposing sidewalls each have a periodic structure that produces a sidewall modulation for each of the waveguides. An input port is in optical communication with the grating structure. The input port is configured to direct an input light beam in plane into the grating structure such that the beam propagates along the waveguides. The grating structure is configured to diffract the beam out of plane and into free space.

Provided is a meta-optical device including a first layer including a plurality of first nanostructures and a first material disposed adjacent to the plurality of first nanostructures, a second layer disposed on the first layer, the second layer including a plurality of second nanostructures and a second material disposed adjacent to the plurality of second nanostructures, wherein the first layer and the second layer include regions in which signs of an effective refractive index change rate in a first direction are opposite to each other, and wherein the meta-optical device is configured to obtain a target phase delay profile with respect to incident light of a predetermined wavelength band.

An illumination apparatus for illuminating a sample plane and a sample that is optionally arranged therein along an illumination beam path includes: a first light source (for outputting light of at least one first wavelength (λ.sub.photo), a second light source for outputting light of at least one second wavelength (λ.sub.exc), and a diffraction grating in the illumination beam path between the first and second light sources and the sample plane. Light of the first wavelength (λ.sub.photo) is not diffracted by the diffraction grating, and light of the second wavelength (λ.sub.exc) is diffracted due to the effect of the diffraction grating. The illumination apparatus can be used in a microscope.

A terahertz wave lens includes a substrate having a surface provided with an uneven structure that changes a phase of the terahertz wave. The uneven structure includes a plurality of holes that are periodically arranged. The uneven structure includes a plurality of regions where the plurality of holes are arranged. A height of the hole in a thickness direction of the substrate and a width of the pillar differ for each of the regions. Outer end portions of the uneven structure in the thickness direction are located on the same plane.

A terahertz wave lens concentrates or collimates a terahertz wave. The terahertz wave lens includes a substrate having a surface provided with an uneven structure that changes a phase of the terahertz wave. The uneven structure includes a plurality of pillars that are periodically arranged. The uneven structure includes a plurality of regions where the plurality of pillars are arranged. A height of the pillar in a thickness direction of the substrate and a width of the pillar differ for each of the regions. A distance (period) between centers of the pillars adjacent to each other is constant. Outer end portions of the uneven structure in the thickness direction are located on the same plane.

Image-sensing devices include odd-symmetry gratings that cast interference patterns over a photodetector array. Grating features offer considerable insensitivity to the wavelength of incident light, and also to the manufactured distance between the grating and the photodetector array. Photographs and other image information can be extracted from interference patterns captured by the photodetector array. Images can be captured without a lens, and cameras can be made smaller than those that are reliant on lenses and ray-optical focusing.

An optical device comprises a metasurface including a plurality of nanostructures. The nanostructures define a phase profile and a group delay profile at a design wavelength. The phase profile and the group delay profile determine and control the functionalities and the chromatic dispersion of the metasurface.

A metal grid includes: a valve metal plate which includes a curved principal surface; an anodic oxide film which is formed on the principal surface of the valve metal plate; and a lattice structure which has an uneven shape periodically formed on the anodic oxide film. Further, a production method for a metal grid includes: a step of bending a principal surface of a valve metal plate including the principal surface; a step of forming an anodic oxide film on the principal surface of the valve metal plate; and a step of forming a lattice structure with a periodic uneven shape on the anodic oxide film by forming an etching mask with a periodic opening on a surface of the anodic oxide film and etching the anodic oxide film through the opening.

An eyepiece and waveguide for viewing a projected image in a virtual reality and augmented reality imaging and visualization system. The waveguide may include a substrate for guiding light. The waveguide may also include an incoupling diffractive element disposed within or on the substrate and configured to diffract an incoupled light related to the projected image into the substrate. The waveguide may further include a first grating disposed within or on the substrate and configured to manipulate the diffracted incoupled light from the incoupling diffractive element so as to multiply the projected image and to direct the multiplied projected image to a second grating. The second grating may be disposed within or on the substrate and may be configured to outcouple the manipulated diffracted incoupled light from the waveguide. The first grating and the second grating may occupy a same region of the waveguide.