An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a panel structure, its manufacturing method and a projection system, which can improve optical efficiency of the projection system and reduce the volume of the projection system. The panel structure includes: a first substrate, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a reflective electrode at a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate; a transparent beam-splitting film disposed between the reflective electrode and the liquid crystal layer; and a common electrode disposed at a side of the second substrate facing the first substrate.

Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a system, machine, device, manufacture, circuit, composition of matter, and/or user interface adapted for and/or resulting from, and/or a method and/or machine-readable medium comprising machine-implementable instructions for, activities that can comprise and/or relate to, switch a diffractive first electro-active lens from a first power state corresponding to a first optical power to a second power state corresponding to a second optical power that differs from said first optical power.

Provided is an observation optical system used for observing an image displayed on an image display surface. The observation optical system includes, in order from an observation surface side to the image display surface side, a first lens having a positive refractive power, and a second lens having a positive refractive power. The first lens is a Fresnel lens, and a focal length f1 of the first lens and a focal length f2 of the second lens are each appropriately set.

A lens member includes a light-incident side; a light-exit side that is opposite to the light-incident side, a Fresnel lens arranged on a center axis that passes through a center of the light-incident side, and a diffraction grating structure arranged around a periphery of the Fresnel lens and having a center through which the center axis passes. Also, it is disclosed that the Fresnel lens may include a first Fresnel lens and a second Fresnel lens, the first Fresnel lens includes annular prisms that are divided from a convex lens and having a center through which the center axis of the light-incident side passes, and the second Fresnel lens includes annular prisms that are divided from a TIR lens and arranged around the periphery of the first Fresnel lens, centering around the center axis of the light-incident side.

An optics component with double-layered micro-lens array includes mainly complex pinhole structures in array arrangement on one substrate face, and either substrate face has an optical micro-lens array. Both optical micro-lens arrays include a plurality of aspheric micro-lenses corresponding to the pinhole structures. When the component is in use, a UV light reflected by a DMD wafer is focused onto each pinhole structure through the plurality of aspheric micro-lenses in the optical micro-lens array of one face of a crystal substrate, and a small spot is formed, which may begin to diffuse after passing through the pinhole structure. Then, the beam is focused onto another face by the plurality of aspheric micro-lenses of another substrate face to obtain a small spot with a small circular spot approaching physical diffraction limit. The formed spot arrays can be applied to the scanning maskless and direct-write exposure lithography process.

A method for displaying an image viewable by an eye, the image being projected from a portable head worn display, comprises steps of: emitting a plurality of light beams of wavelengths that differ amongst the light beams; directing the plurality of light beams to a scanning mirror; modulating in intensity each one of the plurality of light beams in accordance with intensity information provided from the image, whereby the intensity is representative of a pixel value within the image; scanning the plurality of light beams in two distinct axes with the scanning mirror to form the image; and redirecting the plurality of light beams to the eye using a holographic optical element acting as a reflector of the light beams, whereby the redirecting is dependent on the wavelength of the light beam, to create for each light beam an exit pupil at the eye that is spatially separated from the exit pupils of the other light beams.

An optical apparatus including a substrate and a refractive element formed above the substrate. The refractive element including a surface with a predetermined radius of curvature, and a group of periodic structures formed on the surface configured to refract or to filter one or more wavelengths of an incident light.

Holographic and diffractive optical encoding techniques for forming reflection or transmission holograms. The encoding device includes a substrate having an interference pattern that can propagate light along a light propagation path from one side of the substrate to another side of the substrate. Furthermore, an optical element may be used to propagate light according to a four-dimensional light field coordinate system.

A near-eye display system includes a waveguide having an incoupler configured to receive display light from an optical engine and to redirect the display light into the waveguide. The display system includes one or more integrated optical elements that are each configured to receive the display light and to apply a first optical function to the display light. The waveguide may include one or more encapsulation layers to encapsulate the incoupler and/or at least one of the integrated optical elements.

A structured optical surface and an optical imaging system including the structured optical surface is described. The structured optical surface includes a plurality of structures formed by an intersection of at least first and second Fresnel patterns, such that when the structured optical surface is incorporated in an optical imaging system comprising a pixelated display surface with at least one pixel comprising at least two sub-pixels spaced apart by a gap, the structured optical surface images the at least two sub-pixels onto an image surface as at least two corresponding imaged sub-pixels spaced apart by a corresponding imaged gap, and the structured optical surface diffracts light so that the diffracted light at least partially fills the imaged gap without substantially overlapping any of the at least two imaged sub-pixels.