A display device includes a display panel including a substrate and a plurality of display elements disposed on the substrate, and a diffraction panel including a plurality of diffraction patterns disposed on a path of light emitted from the plurality of display elements. The plurality of diffraction patterns are disposed in a first direction to have a first period, each of the plurality of diffraction patterns includes a first refractive layer, a second refractive layer disposed on the first refractive layer, and a third refractive layer disposed on the second refractive layer, and a refractive index of the second refractive layer is higher than a refractive index of the first refractive layer and a refractive index of the third refractive layer.

Methods and systems are disclosed for using a chromatic lens system to provide a flying focusi.e., an advanced focusing scheme enabling spatiotemporal control of a focal location. In a method, a photon beam is emitted from a source at a wavelength. The photon beam may have more than one wavelength. The photon beam is focused to a focal location using a chromatic lens system. The focal location is at a first longitudinal distance along an optical axis from the chromatic lens system. The wavelength of the photon beam is changed as a function of time to change the focal location as a function of time. The wavelength may be changed such that the focal location changes with a focal velocity.

A display device includes a display panel including a substrate and a plurality of display elements disposed on the substrate, and a diffraction panel including a plurality of diffraction patterns disposed on a path of light emitted from the plurality of display elements. The plurality of diffraction patterns are disposed in a first direction to have a first period, each of the plurality of diffraction patterns includes a first refractive layer, a second refractive layer disposed on the first refractive layer, and a third refractive layer disposed on the second refractive layer, and a refractive index of the second refractive layer is higher than a refractive index of the first refractive layer and a refractive index of the third refractive layer.

Arrays of integrated analytical devices and their methods for production are provided. The arrays are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The integrated devices allow the highly sensitive discrimination of optical signals using features such as spectra, amplitude, and time resolution, or combinations thereof. The arrays and methods of the invention make use of silicon chip fabrication and manufacturing techniques developed for the electronics industry and highly suited for miniaturization and high throughput.

An optical device fabrication method includes removing semiconductor material from a semiconductor substrate to form a first curved surface and a second curved surface, forming a bonding material on the first curved surface, and selectively removing semiconductor material from at least one of the first and the second curved surfaces to form one or more subwavelength structures. The semiconductor substrate has a bandgap wavelength associated with a bandgap energy of the semiconductor material. The optical device refracts certain incident electromagnetic radiation and/or filters other electromagnetic radiation. The refracted radiation includes infrared wavelengths longer than the bandgap wavelength and the filtered radiation includes wavelengths shorter than the bandgap wavelength.

An electronic device may include a display module that generates image light and an optical system that redirects the light towards an eye box. The optical system may have first hologram structures that replicate the light over multiple output angles onto second hologram structures. The second hologram structures may focus the replicated light onto the eye box. If desired, the device may include an image sensor. The first and second hologram structures may include transmission and/or reflection holograms. The optical system may redirect a first portion of the light to the eye box and a second portion of the light to the sensor. The sensor may generate image data based on the second portion of the light. Control circuitry may compensate for distortions in the first portion of the light by performing feedback adjustments to the display module based on distortions in the image data.

Provided is a meta-lens including a first region including a plurality of first nanostructures that are two-dimensionally provided in a circumferential direction and a radial direction, wherein the plurality of first nanostructures are provided based on a first rule, and a plurality of second regions surrounding the first region, each of the plurality of second regions including a plurality of second nanostructures that are two-dimensionally provided in a circumferential direction and a radial direction, wherein the plurality of second nanostructures are provided in each of the plurality of second regions based on a plurality of second rules, respectively, that are different from the first rule.

Arrays of integrated analytical devices and their methods for production are provided. The arrays are useful in the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, including biochemical reactions, such as nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The integrated devices allow the highly sensitive discrimination of optical signals using features such as spectra, amplitude, and time resolution, or combinations thereof. The arrays and methods of the invention make use of silicon chip fabrication and manufacturing techniques developed for the electronics industry and highly suited for miniaturization and high throughput.

A lens for shaping light rays, for a luminous lighting and/or signalling module of a motor vehicle, includes an entrance face for the light rays and an opposite exit face. The lens has a flat-lens shape the exit face of which is equipped with prisms forming a Fresnel structure, at least one of these prisms being equipped on an exterior face with diffractive structures, and the entrance face of which is at least partially equipped with microstructures. The lens applies to motor vehicles.

A telecentric optical apparatus that is capable of suppressing an increase in the number of components as well as achieving high precision optical axis alignment, is provided. The telecentric optical apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that it is provided with: a first telecentric lens surface that is provided on an object side; a second telecentric lens surface that is provided on an image side and that shares a focus position with the first telecentric lens surface; and an optical path trimming part that is provided, between the first telecentric lens surface and the second telecentric lens surface, in an outside region, which is located on a side further out than a light passing region having a center thereof located at the focus position, and that changes an optical path such that a light beam incident on the outside region is prevented from contributing to image formation.