A housing assembly for a panoramic camera provides a protective housing that the camera can be placed in, and removed from, and which substantially reduces or eliminates undesirable second order reflections that would otherwise occur due to the presence of the additional optical layers of a transparent housing member and the gap between the transparent housing member and the cylindrical lens of the camera. Sealing members form a seal such that the concentric gap between the transparent housing member and the cylindrical lens can be filled with transparent liquid, thereby changing the optical properties of the system formed by the cylindrical lens, gap, and transparent housing member.

Provided herein are methods for the modulation of appearance or material properties within items of apparel or equipment. Also provided herein are design articles having alterable designs.

Provided herein are methods for the modulation of appearance or material properties within items of apparel or equipment. Also provided herein are design articles having alterable designs.

A method of producing an optical gradient effect includes providing an optical device having one or more spatially variable optical response characteristics. The optical device includes one or more individual liquid crystal cells, wherein each individual cell includes i) a liquid crystal material contained between a single pair of substrates, each substrate having a transparent conductive layer provided thereon, ii) an electrode connection contacting each transparent conductive layer, and iii) a driving signal source in electrical communication with each electrode connection. The method includes applying a driving signal from the driving signal source to the electrode connections to create a voltage gradient in a gradient direction along the pair of transparent conductive layer leading away from the electrode connections. The voltage gradient is received by the liquid crystal material to produce the gradient effect in at least one optical response characteristic across at least a portion of the optical device.

An optical path control member according to an embodiment comprises: a first substrate; a first electrode disposed on the first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; a second electrode disposed beneath the second substrate; and a light conversion unit disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the light conversion unit includes partition wall parts and accommodation parts that are alternately disposed, the accommodation part has a light transmission rate that varies according to the application of voltage, and the accommodation part has a first width defined as a narrow width and a second width defined as a wide width, and the partition wall part has a third width defined as a wide width, the height of the partition wall part or the accommodation part is defined, and the ratio (the second width/the first width of the second width to the first width is less than or equal to 1.8.

An optical path control member according to an embodiment comprises: a first substrate; a first electrode disposed on the first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the first substrate; a second electrode disposed beneath the second substrate; and a light conversion unit disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the light conversion unit includes partition wall parts and accommodation parts that are alternately disposed, the accommodation part has a light transmission rate that varies according to the application of voltage, and the accommodation part has a first width defined as a narrow width and a second width defined as a wide width, and the partition wall part has a third width defined as a wide width, the height of the partition wall part or the accommodation part is defined, and the ratio (the second width/the first width of the second width to the first width is less than or equal to 1.8.

An emulsion spectrum fluid filter capable of controlling light wavelength absorption includes a transparent channel formed as a tube of a 90 degrees-rotated U shape, and an emulsion received in the transparent channel, wherein the emulsion may include dispersed oil and surfactant. Further, a method for preparing the emulsion is disclosed.

An emulsion spectrum fluid filter capable of controlling light wavelength absorption includes a transparent channel formed as a tube of a 90 degrees-rotated U shape, and an emulsion received in the transparent channel, wherein the emulsion may include dispersed oil and surfactant. Further, a method for preparing the emulsion is disclosed.

Switchable light filters are provided and comprise a first optical element, in turn comprising a plurality of light-absorbing transition dipole moments, so that light, which is incident into the first optical element, is transmitted or at least partially absorbed as a function of its direction of incidence with respect to the first optical element and its polarization state, The filters may comprise optional means for generating a first and/or a second electric fields and a liquid crystal layer, onto which the first and/or second electric fields acts, so that the transmission properties of the filters differ between a first operating mode. Lighting devices and screens comprising the filters are also provided.

Switchable light filters are provided and comprise a first optical element, in turn comprising a plurality of light-absorbing transition dipole moments, so that light, which is incident into the first optical element, is transmitted or at least partially absorbed as a function of its direction of incidence with respect to the first optical element and its polarization state, The filters may comprise optional means for generating a first and/or a second electric fields and a liquid crystal layer, onto which the first and/or second electric fields acts, so that the transmission properties of the filters differ between a first operating mode. Lighting devices and screens comprising the filters are also provided.