The invention concerns an optical system, and a video endoscope therefor, with at least one electronic active pixel image sensor with a progressive offset micro-lens array, and a lens system with a plurality of lenses in order to receive image light from an object field and direct it to the image sensor. The optical system has at least one interference filter coating located within the optical system, such that the angle of incidence of the image light on the filter coating is minimized, minimizing thereby the filtration characteristics of the coating that are angularly dependent. This minimization improves the reliability of fluorescence imaging with short optical systems. The location for the filter coating may be on a curved surface, such as a lens, or on a properly positioned flat element within the optical system.

Provided is a sensor having a high SN ratio. The sensor includes a light source, a band pass filter, and a light-receiving element, in which the band pass filter includes two cholesteric liquid crystal layers and a discontinuous layer disposed between the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers, in the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers, helical twisted directions and helical pitches are the same, and in a case where the discontinuous layer is a layer other than a cholesteric liquid crystal layer and a wavelength having a lowest reflectivity in a selective reflection wavelength range of the band pass filter is represented by λm [nm], a thickness [nm] is in a range of “30×(λm/550) to 150×(λm/550)”.

Provided is a sensor having a high SN ratio. The sensor includes a light source, a band pass filter, and a light-receiving element, in which the band pass filter includes two cholesteric liquid crystal layers and a discontinuous layer disposed between the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers, in the two cholesteric liquid crystal layers, helical twisted directions and helical pitches are the same, and in a case where the discontinuous layer is a layer other than a cholesteric liquid crystal layer and a wavelength having a lowest reflectivity in a selective reflection wavelength range of the band pass filter is represented by λm [nm], a thickness [nm] is in a range of “30×(λm/550) to 150×(λm/550)”.

A display may have a display panel with an array of pixels formed from light-emitting diodes. Optical films that help collimate and homogenize light from the light-emitting diode pixels may overlap the light-emitting diodes. A transparent cover may overlap the display. The transparent cover may have an outer surface and an opposing inner surface, which may have areas of compound surface curvature. Louvers that serve to reduce off-axis solar light reflections while allowing light from the display panel to be emitted may be formed from molded polymer supported by a transparent cover layer in the cover. A diffuser may be formed by embedding light-scattering particles in a polymer layer covering the louvers and/or by forming light-scattering surface structures such as ridges and/or other texture on the surface of the polymer layer. Electrically adjustable light modulator layers and electrically adjustable louvers may be used in the display.

An opposite substrate is provided. The opposite substrate includes a base substrate, a black matrix, and a phase shift film. The black matrix is disposed on a side of the base substrate, the black matrix defines a plurality of opening regions. The phase shift film is disposed on the side of the base substrate, the phase shift film includes at least one first portion, and at least one of the opening regions is provided with a first portion therein. The first portion is frame-shaped, and an outer border of the first portion coincides with a border of an opening region. The phase shift film is configured to reverse a phase of a light wave passing through itself.

One embodiment of a camera module comprises: a lens part; a front body on which the lens part is mounted; a substrate part which is disposed apart from the lens part in a first direction and coupled to the front body; an image sensor which is disposed on the substrate part and disposed opposite to the lens part; and a first adhesive part which is disposed between the front body and the substrate part, wherein the front body and the substrate part are coupled by the first adhesive part, and at least one through-hole is formed between the front body and the substrate part.

A display panel and a manufacturing method for the display panel are provided. The display panel includes a substrate. An ultraviolet reflective layer is disposed on the substrate. A thin film transistor array is disposed on the ultraviolet reflective layer. A light emitting device is disposed on the thin film transistor. An encapsulation layer is disposed on the light emitting device. The ultraviolet reflective layer includes at least one pair of a first reflective layer and a second reflective layer stacked on each other. The refractive indexes of the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer are different.

Methods of treating mental disorders, including anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, are provided. The methods comprise administering an effective amount of a glutamate modulator to an individual in need thereof. Also provided are methods of enhancing the activity of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) comprising co-administering a glutamate modulator and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Pharmaceutical composition comprising a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and a glutamate modulator are also provided.

A spectacle lens has an object-side front surface and an eye-side rear surface and is made of a base material that includes an ultraviolet (UV) absorber, which functions as a band-stop filter for UV light. In a first variant, the band-stop filter has an upper cut-off wavelength between 325 nm and 360 with a transmittance of 2% for light which is incident on the front surface, transmitted through the spectacle lens, and emerges from the rear surface for each angle of incidence between 0° and 15°. Additionally or alternatively, in a second variant, the spectacle lens has an antireflective coating with a reflectance below 5% for UV light in a wavelength range between 280 nm and a threshold wavelength, which lies between 325 nm and 350 nm, and a reflectance of 5% at the threshold wavelength for each angle of incidence between 30° and 45°.

Lens coatings and coated lenses which offer full-spectrum protection by reducing back-side reflection of all light spanning from the ultraviolet sub-band B (UVB) to infrared (IR-A) region are provided. The full-spectrum back-side anti-reflective coatings disclosed herein are comprised of multiple thin-film layers of high refractive index (HighIndex) and low refractive index (LowIndex) materials. In many embodiments, the penultimate layer distal from the substrate lens is a HighIndex layer, and the final layer distal from the substrate lens is a LowIndex layer.