Aspects relate to an integrated and compact attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) spectral sensing device. The spectral sensing device includes a substrate, a spectrometer, and a detector. The substrate includes an ATR element, a microfluidic channel, and a channel interface at a boundary between the ATR element and the microfluidic channel formed therein. The ATR element is configured to receive input light and to direct the input light to the channel interface for total internal reflection of the input light at the channel interface. An evanescent wave produced by a sample contained within the microfluidic channel based on the total internal reflection of the input light attenuates the light output from the ATR element and the resulting output light may be analyzed using the spectrometer and the detector.

A color measurement apparatus includes a substrate including an optical filter that processes light arriving from a measurement target, a reduction portion that reduces a quantity of light heading toward the optical filter from the measurement target, a frame that is a frame arranged to face the substrate and to which the substrate is fixed, and has a shape avoiding the optical filter and in which the reduction portion is positioned at a position facing the optical filter, and a positioning section that decides a relative position between the substrate and the frame in a direction intersecting with a center axis of the reduction portion.

An apparatus internal unit disposed inside a casing includes a fixed unit coupled to an opening portion forming member, a movable unit that is a unit including an incident light processing portion and is configured to be displaced with respect to the fixed unit in a first direction along an optical axis, and at least one elastic member that holds a position of the movable unit in the first direction with respect to the fixed unit by elasticity.

An optical locker may include an assembly. The assembly may include a beam splitter, configured to split an input beam into at least three beams; an etalon having at least three regions, positioned so that each beam passes through a different region; a detector configured to measure output intensities, Tn, of the etalon for the beam; and a controller configured to determine a ratio, Ta/Tb, of the output intensities, wherein that ratio has a slope at the output intensities which is above a threshold, obtain a target frequency of the input beam, and determine an actual frequency of the input beam based on the target frequency and the ratio of the output intensities.

An optical product includes an array of lenses and first and second plurality of portions disposed under the array of lenses. Individual ones of the first plurality of portions can correspond to a point on a surface of a first 3D object, and include first non-holographic features configured to produce at least part of a first 3D image of the first 3D object. Individual ones of the second plurality of portions can correspond to a point on a surface of a second 3D object, and include second non-holographic features configured to produce at least part of a second 3D image of the second 3D object. The optical product can include an interference optical structure disposed with respect to the first and/or second non-holographic features.

A method for removing a foreign substance according to an embodiment includes: a step of preparing a Fabry-Perot interference filter in which a gap is formed between a portion of a first laminate at least including a first mirror portion and a portion of a second laminate at least including a second mirror portion facing each other so that a distance between the first mirror portion and the second mirror portion facing each other varies by an electrostatic force; a step of detecting a foreign substance adhering to a surface of the second laminate; and a step of blowing air in which an airflow peak position is adjusted on the basis of a position of the detected foreign substance onto the surface of the second laminate and thereby removing the foreign substance from the surface of the second laminate.

Devices, methods and systems for generating wideband, high-fidelity arbitrary radio frequency (RF) passband signals are described. A voltage tunable optical filter for arbitrary RF passband signal generation includes a first input configured to receive a broadband optical pulse train, a second input configured to receive a first control voltage representative of an amplitude signal, an electrooptic modulator to receive the broadband optical pulse train and the first control voltage, to modulate the broadband optical pulse train in accordance with the amplitude signal, and to produce two complementary optical outputs that form two arms of an interferometer, an optical delay component to impart an optical path difference into one of the complementary outputs of the electrooptic modulator, and a combiner or a splitter to receive two complementary optical outputs of the electrooptic modulator after impartation of the optical path difference and to produce an output interference pattern of fringes.

An optical filter includes: a first filter including a pair of first reflective films facing each other via a first gap and a first actuator changing a gap between the pair of first reflective films; and a second filter including a pair of second reflective films facing each other via a second gap and a second actuator changing a gap between the pair of second reflective films with the pair of second reflective films disposed on an optical path of light transmitted through the pair of first reflective films, in which each of the first reflective film and the second reflective film is configured by a plurality of optical bodies being laminated, the optical body has reflection characteristics of reflecting light centered on a predetermined design center wavelength, and the design center wavelength is different in each of the optical bodies.

Provided is a monitor device used with a Fabry-Perot interference filter having a pair of mirror parts and a pair of driving electrodes, and having a distance between the mirror parts changed in accordance with charges stored between the driving electrodes. The monitor device includes: a current application unit that applies an AC current having a frequency higher than a resonant frequency of the mirror parts across the driving electrodes; a voltage detection unit that detects a temporal development of a voltage generated between the driving electrodes during application of the AC current; a control unit that controls the AC current across the driving electrodes, based on an evaluation of a DC component of the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit; and a monitor unit that monitors the distance between the mirror parts based on an AC component of the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit.

A polarized light emitting device and a polarization analysis apparatus including the same are disclosed. The polarized light emitting device includes a first reflective layer and a second reflective layer disposed to face each other in a first direction, a gain medium layer between the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer, and a linear polarizer layer, wherein the linear polarizer layer includes a plurality of first grating elements alternately arranged with a plurality of second grating elements along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, wherein each of the first grating elements includes a first dielectric material having a first refractive index, and wherein each of the second grating elements includes a second dielectric material having a second refractive index different from the first refractive index.