Scopes such as medical imaging camera head devices and methods are provided using light captured by an endoscope system or other medical scope or borescope. At least one polarizing optical element manipulates the polarization properties of image light. The manipulated image light is focused on an image sensor including polarizers for each pixel. Multiple images are produced based sets of pixels having the same orientation of polarizer. The resulting images are combined with high dynamic range techniques.

An object of the present invention is to provide a radiation temperature measuring device capable of preventing reduction in the accuracy of temperature measurement due to an electromagnetic wave reflected by a measurement target. A radiation temperature measuring device includes a reflective polarizing plate configured to reflect a polarized wave of one direction in an electromagnetic wave radiated from an object to be measured and transmit or absorb a polarized wave of a direction perpendicular to the one direction and an infrared sensor configured to detect the polarized electromagnetic wave of the one direction reflected by the reflective polarizing plate.

A display assembly includes a display panel and at least one optical film group each disposed on a display surface. Each optical film group includes a quarter-wave plate, a reflective polarizer and an absorbing polarizer. The reflective polarizer includes a reflective portion capable of allowing light with a polarization direction parallel to a polarization axis of the reflective polarizer to pass through and reflecting light with a polarization direction perpendicular to the polarization axis. An orthographic projection of an effective light-emitting area of at least one sub-pixel is substantially within an orthographic projection of the reflective portion. The absorbing polarizer is capable of allowing light with a polarization direction parallel to a polarization axis of the absorbing polarizer to pass through and absorbing light with a polarization direction perpendicular to the polarization axis. The polarization axis of the reflective polarizer is parallel to the polarization axis of the absorbing polarizer.

A thin film assembly includes an optical thin film and a discontinuous spacer layer disposed over a major surface of the optical thin film. Within a multilayer stack of optical thin films, the spacer layer may be located between opposing regions of adjacent thin films such that the spacer layer separates the adjacent thin films and inhibits or prevents surface-to-surface contact.

A light receiving element of the present disclosure includes a wire grid polarizing element, wavelength selection means, and a photoelectric conversion portion from a light incident side, and the wavelength selection means includes a plurality of wavelength selection members, and the wavelength selection members constituted by a plasmon filter transmit light having different wavelengths.

The present disclosure relates generally to techniques for improving the performance and efficiency of optical systems, such as optical systems for using head-mounted display system. The optical systems of the present disclosure may include polarized catadioptric optics, or “pancake optics,” which utilize a wire grid polarizer as a reflective polarizer. Wire grid polarizers may not perform uniformly over wavelength or over varying angles of incidence. To improve performance, a spatially varying polarizer is provided in the optical system that operates to provide polarization compensation for the wire grid polarizer so that the wire grid polarizer performs more uniformly over wavelength and/or over incidence angles (e.g., on-axis and off-axis). The spatially varying polarizer may be formed of a liquid crystal material, such as a multi-twist retarder.

It would be advantageous to improve polarizer high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, optical properties, and etchability. Composite polarizer materials can be used to achieve this. A polarizer can comprise polarization structures configured for polarization of light. The polarization structures can include a reflective rib, the reflective rib being a composite of two different elements. The polarization structures can include an absorptive rib, the absorptive rib being a composite of two different elements. The polarizer can include a transparent layer, the transparent layer being a composite of two different elements.

A solid-state imaging device includes an imaging element group in which imaging elements each having a photoelectric conversion portion 10 formed on or above a semiconductor substrate 70 and further having a wire grid polarizer 91 and an on-chip microlens 15 are arrayed in a two-dimensional matrix, and a first interlayer insulating layer 83 and a second interlayer insulating layer 84 provided on a light incident side of the photoelectric conversion portions 10. The wire grid polarizer 91 is provided between the first interlayer insulating layer 83 and the second interlayer insulating layer 84, and the on-chip microlens 15 is provided on the second interlayer insulating layer 84. The first interlayer insulating layer 83 and the second interlayer insulating layer 84 include an oxide material or a resin material, and the on-chip microlens includes SiN or SiON.

A method of measuring optical properties of a specimen, for example, a uniaxial specimen, includes generating a plurality of illumination patterns incident on the specimen and, for each of the plurality of illumination patterns, collecting sample light passing through the specimen and detecting the collected sample light using a polarization state analyzer to form a set of polarization channels. The method also includes receiving a calibration tensor, converting the set of polarization channels for each of the illumination patterns into Stokes parameter maps using the calibration tensor, and deconvolving the Stokes parameter maps to provide volumetric measurement of permittivity tensor of the specimen, specifically, absorption, optical path length, optical anisotropy, and 3D orientation of the specimen.

A projector includes a lamp unit, a color separation system that separates first light outputted from the lamp unit into a plurality of color beams, a plurality of liquid crystal panels that modulate the plurality of separated color beams from the color separation system, reduction optical systems that reduce at least one of pencils of light formed of the plurality of color beams modulated by the plurality of liquid crystal panels, a light combining prism that combines the plurality of reduced color beams with one another, and a projection lens that projects second light that is the combined light from the light combining prism. The reduction optical systems are disposed between the liquid crystal panels and the light combining prism, and the area of an effective display region of each of the liquid crystal panels is greater than an effective area of each light incident surface of the light combining prism.