An electronic apparatus includes an output interface and a controller. The output interface is configured to output a signal on the basis of scattered light from a measured part. The controller is configured to calculate a temporal change of a power spectrum on the basis of the signal and detect noise included in the signal on the basis of the temporal change of the power spectrum.

The present application describes a PHHM of the type described in WO 2013/002165, WO 2014/125431 and International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2015/079888 with improved aspects to find indicators of health, and other improvements that facilitate its construction and calibration.

The invention relates to a system for challenging the pericardial space, to provide an indication of the risk of cardiac tamponade in a patient, as well as methods for diagnosis of, and determination of the extent of, a tamponade, and treating a patient in whom there is a detected cardiac tamponade.

The invention relates to a system for challenging the pericardial space, to provide an indication of the risk of cardiac tamponade in a patient, as well as methods for diagnosis of, and determination of the extent of, a tamponade, and treating a patient in whom there is a detected cardiac tamponade.

Provided herein are methods for in-vivo assessment of intraventricular flow shear stress, risk of hemolysis, also the location and extent of blood flow stasis regions and inside a cardiac chamber or blood vessel. Also provided herein are systems for performing such methods. Also provided herein are methods for assessing hemolysis and/or thrombosis risk in patients implanted with an LVAD. LVAD positioning and/or speed may be adjusted based on the results obtained by using methods described herein, and the risk for hemolysis and/or thrombosis can be minimized.

Provided herein are methods for in-vivo assessment of intraventricular flow shear stress, risk of hemolysis, also the location and extent of blood flow stasis regions and inside a cardiac chamber or blood vessel. Also provided herein are systems for performing such methods. Also provided herein are methods for assessing hemolysis and/or thrombosis risk in patients implanted with an LVAD. LVAD positioning and/or speed may be adjusted based on the results obtained by using methods described herein, and the risk for hemolysis and/or thrombosis can be minimized.

Systems and methods for partial aortic occlusion are provided. The system may include a catheter having an expandable aortic blood flow regulation device disposed on the distal end of the catheter for placement within an aorta of a patient, and a catheter controller unit that causes the device to expand and contract to restrict blood flow through the aorta. The system also may include sensors for measuring blood pressure distal and proximal to the expandable device. The system further may include non-transitory computer readable media having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor coupled to the sensors, cause the processor to estimate aortic blood flow based on the measured blood pressures and corresponding waveforms, compare the estimated aortic blood flow with a target aortic blood flow range, generate an alert if the estimated aortic blood flow falls outside the target aortic blood flow range, and cause the catheter controller unit to adjust expansion and contraction of the expandable device to adjust an amount of blood flow through the aorta if the estimated aortic blood flow falls outside the target aortic blood flow range.

An apparatus for estimating bio-information according to an embodiment includes: a sensor that measures a pulse wave signal from an object and contact pressure of the object; and a processor that obtains an oscillometric envelope based on an amplitude of the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure, and estimates bio-information based on a center of mass of a phase of contact pressure of the obtained oscillometric envelope.

An apparatus for estimating bio-information according to an embodiment includes: a sensor that measures a pulse wave signal from an object and contact pressure of the object; and a processor that obtains an oscillometric envelope based on an amplitude of the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure, and estimates bio-information based on a center of mass of a phase of contact pressure of the obtained oscillometric envelope.

A computerized information processing method for evaluating blood vessels is provided. The method includes acquiring a series of sequences of measurements, each at different time points in at least one cardiac cycle and at a different point along a blood vessel segment of a subject, generating corresponding profiles, calculating a transfer function for a subsegment between two selected points along a blood flow direction, and based thereon determining the physiological property of the subsegment. The measurements can contain information of blood velocity or blood pressure. A processing device and system implementing the information processing method are also provided. This approach can be used to evaluate arteries or veins and can be applied in screening, diagnosis, or prognosis of a variety of vascular diseases. For example, when combined with MRI scan, this approach can be used for non-invasively diagnosing pulmonary hypertension (PH) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc.