The invention is notably directed to a transflective display device. The device comprises a set of pixels, wherein each of the pixels comprises a portion of bi-stable, phase change material, hereafter a PCM portion, having at least two reversibly switchable states, in which it has two different values of refractive index and/or optical absorption. The device further comprises one or more spacers, optically transmissive, and extending under PCM portions of the set of pixels. One or more reflectors extend under the one or more spacers. An energization structure is in thermal or electrical communication with the PCM portions, via the one or more spacers. Moreover, a display controller is configured to selectively energize, via the energization structure, PCM portions of the pixels, so as to reversibly switch a state of a PCM portion of any of the pixels from one of its reversibly switchable states to the other. A backlight unit is furthermore configured, in the device, to allow illumination of the PCM portions through the one or more spacers. The backlight unit is controlled by a backlight unit controller, which is configured for modulating one or more physical properties of light emitted from the backlight unit. The invention is further directed to related devices and methods of operation.

A display device includes lower and upper substrates facing each other, a light source which emits a light toward a side surface of the lower substrate, and an optical medium layer between the lower and upper substrate and through which the light transmits to generate an image. The lower substrate includes a first substrate within which the light travels from the side surface of the lower substrate to exit from an upper surface of the first substrate, and light exit patterns on the upper surface. The first substrate includes an incident surface to which the light emitted from the light source is incident. Each of the light exit patterns is in contact with the upper surface of the first substrate and respectively defines a first space between the light exit pattern and the upper surface of the first substrate, the first space being filled with air.

Disclosed is a lighting device of a vehicle capable of achieving an enhancement in luminous efficacy. The disclosed lighting device includes a light source for generating light, a light guide including a light emitting portion formed with first patterns arranged in a longitudinal direction of the light emitting portion, to guide the light, the light emitting portion performing light emission using the light, and a light receiving portion to receive the light generated by the light source, and a back cover, on which the light guide is mounted. The back cover is formed with second patterns arranged in a longitudinal direction of the back cover at a portion of the back cover, on which the light receiving portion is mounted. The first patterns are formed to have a greater width with increasing distance from the light source. The second patterns are formed to have the same width.

A beverage dispensing head includes a housing having a front, a rear, and a base that extends between the front and the rear. A mixing nozzle is configured to dispense a flow of beverage via the base. A valve is configured to control the flow of beverage via the mixing nozzle, and a switch is movable into and between a closed position in which the valve opens the flow of beverage via the mixing nozzle and an open position in which the valve closes the flow of beverage via the mixing nozzle. A lighting module disposed in the housing is configured to illuminate the front of the housing and the base of the housing when the switch is moved into the closed position.

A light emission structure (1) includes a light guiding space defining portion (10) configured to define a light guiding space having a light reception opening and a light emission opening, the light guiding space being configured to receive light emitted by a light source (110) provided on a circuit substrate (100) through the reception opening and guide the introduced light to radiate through the emission opening; and a holding portion (20) configured to have holding arms (22) for holding the circuit substrate (100). At least a part of the light guiding space defining portion (10) abutting the circuit substrate (100) and a part of the holding portion (20) abutting the circuit substrate (100) are made of a soft material.

A light guide plate, a backlight module and a display device are provided. The light guide plate includes a main body, plural first stripe structures and plural second stripe structures. The main body has at least one light-incident surface and a main surface connected to the at least one light-incident surface. The first stripe structures are arranged on plural first regions of the main surface, in which each of the first stripe structures has a first tapered portion. The second stripe structures are arranged on a plurality of second regions of the main surface, in which each of the second stripe structures has a second tapered portion. The first areas and the second areas of the main surface are alternately disposed, and an inherent type of the second stripe structures is different from an inherent type of the first stripe structures.

A display device includes an image projector and a pupil-replicating lightguide having an out-coupling grating with configurable dynamic spatial distribution of out-coupling efficiency that may be adjusted depending upon several factors including currently displayed portion of the field of view as well as the eye position and orientation at the eyebox of the display device. For scanning display systems, the out-coupling grating may be configured to have a high-efficiency grating area that “runs” along the grating in coordination with the scanning to provide a more efficient light utilization in the display device.

The present invention discloses a novel nightlight with a simple structure. A non-opaque light output panel is disposed on a casing. A plurality of first lamp beads is directly welded onto a control circuit board. The light emitted by the first lamp beads is guided into a light output panel after refracting or reflecting by a light guide member, which facilitates transmission of light and allows uniform and soft light outputted from the light output panel. The nightlight has the advantages of convenient use, easy manufacture and assembly and low manufacturing cost.

Systems, devices, and methods for eyebox expansion in wearable heads-up displays (“WHUDs”) are described. The WHUDs described herein each include a projector and an optical waveguide positioned in an optical path between the projector and an eye of the user. For any given light signal from the projector, the optical waveguide receives the light signal at an input coupler and outputs multiple instances or copies of the light signal from multiple discrete, spatially-separated output couplers. The multiple instances or copies of the light signal may be converged by the optical waveguide directly to respective exit pupils at the user's eye or may be routed by the optical waveguide to a holographic combiner in the user's field of view from which the light signals may be converged to respective exit pupils at the user's eye. The optical waveguide employs exit pupil replication to expand the eyebox of the WHUD.

According to one aspect, an optical waveguide comprises a waveguide body exhibiting total internal reflection, a substrate, and a plurality of light extraction features disposed on a surface of the substrate. The light extraction features are non-adhesively bonded to the waveguide body or may be disposed on opposing sides of the substrate. A method of forming an optical element is also disclosed.