Systems, devices, and methods for eyebox expansion in wearable heads-up displays (“WHUDs”) are described. The WHUDs described herein each include a projector and an optical waveguide positioned in an optical path between the projector and an eye of the user. For any given light signal from the projector, the optical waveguide receives the light signal at an input coupler and outputs multiple instances or copies of the light signal from multiple discrete, spatially-separated output couplers. The multiple instances or copies of the light signal may be converged by the optical waveguide directly to respective exit pupils at the user's eye or may be routed by the optical waveguide to a holographic combiner in the user's field of view from which the light signals may be converged to respective exit pupils at the user's eye. The optical waveguide employs exit pupil replication to expand the eyebox of the WHUD.

An illumination waveguide is described having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a plurality of reflective elements within the waveguide, the reflective elements at an angle to the top surface of the waveguide, the reflective elements providing one or more of: an in-coupler, an out-coupler, and an extender to the waveguide. The illumination waveguide is configured such that light from the waveguide is directed to a spatial light modulator, and the modulated light is directed through the waveguide to a user.

A backlight module and a display device thereof are provided. The backlight module includes a light guide plate, a frame body, and a light source. The frame body is disposed around the light guide plate. The light source is disposed between the light guide plate and the frame. A via hole defined on the light guide plate. An outer convex is disposed on a side plate of the light guide plate away from the light source behind the via hole, and/or an inner recess is disposed on a side frame of the frame body away from the light source behind the via hole.

A pupil replication waveguide for a projector display includes a slab of transparent material for propagating display light in the slab via total internal reflection. A diffraction grating is supported by the slab. The diffraction grating includes a plurality of tapered slanted fringes in a substrate for out-coupling the display light from the slab by diffraction into a blazed diffraction order. A greater portion of the display light is out-coupled into the blazed diffraction order, and a smaller portion of the display light is out-coupled into a non-blazed diffraction order. The tapered fringes result in the duty cycle of the diffraction grating varying along the thickness direction of the diffraction grating, to facilitate suppressing the portion of the display light out-coupled into the non-blazed diffraction order.

A desktop illumination device includes a light source; and a light guide including a light guide plate. The light guide plate has a light incident surface and first and second main surfaces. An angle at which an intensity becomes maximum in a light distribution of light emitted from the first main surface is in a range of −90° or more to less than 0°, in a case where an axis passing through a center of the first main surface and perpendicular to an installation surface is defined as a vertical axis, and in a plane including the vertical axis and perpendicular to the installation surface, a direction parallel to the installation surface is defined as vertical 0°, an upward angle with respect to the vertical 0° is defined as a positive angle, and a downward angle with respect to the vertical 0° is defined as a negative angle.

A light conversion structure applied to a display device, and a backlight module, a color filter substrate, and a display device including the light conversion structure are provided. The light conversion structure includes a light filter structure (100) including a first optical film layer (110) and a second optical film layer (120) which are alternately arranged and attached to each other in a total number of N, N is an even number, one of a surface (111) of the first optical film layer (110) far away from the second optical film layer (120) and a surface (121) of the second optical film layer (120) far away from the first optical film layer (110) is a light incident surface (1001) of the light filter structure (100), and the other one is a light-exiting surface (1003). A part of the incident light (101) of first color that is reflected by the light incident surface (1001) is a first reflected light (102), a part of the incident light (101) of first color that is reflected by an interface (1002) between the first optical film layer (110) and the second optical film layer (120) is a second reflected light (103), and an optical path difference between the first reflected light (102) and the second reflected light (103) is an integer multiple of a wavelength of the incident light (101) of first color. The light conversion structure can reflect a part of the incident light of first color to allow the incident light of first color to be reused, thereby improving a utilization of a light-emitting material in the display device.

An optical system (100) for directing an image towards a user for viewing includes a light-guide optical element (LOE) (10) having parallel major external surfaces (11a, 11b) for supporting propagation of an image by internal reflection, a coupling-out arrangement for coupling out the image towards an eye of the user, and a coupling-in aperture. An image projector (114) includes an image generator (32) for generating an image, collimating optics (31) for collimating the image, and an image conjugate generator (20, 33, 34). The image projector is coupled to the coupling-in aperture so as to introduce both the collimated image and its conjugate image into the LOE prior to the images impinging on either of major external surfaces. The image conjugate generator may be a second image generator (33), or may employ one or more reflecting surface (22, 23, 24, 34) non-contiguous with the major external surfaces of the LOE.

A diffractive optical waveguide is disclosed, in which a grating structure comprises a plurality of optical unit structures arranged in an array, a cross-section of an optical unit structure has a shape with two small ends and a large middle part, length L and maximum width W of the cross-section satisfy 0.2L≤W≤0.8L, and contour curves each are formed between an upper vertex and a left vertex, the upper vertex and a right vertex, a lower vertex and the left vertex, and the lower vertex and the right vertex, respectively. A display device comprising the same and a design and formation method for the same are also disclosed. The cross-section of the optical unit structure has a curved contour, with edges which are smooth and have very good processability. Also, the cross-section with curve contour of the optical unit structure has a very high degree of design freedom.

An apparatus for capturing an image of an object on a platen and including a platen having a surface for receiving the object, wherein the platen is transmissive to an optical wavelength of light, an illumination module configured to illuminate at least a portion of the object with light from an illumination source, and an optical sensing module configured to receive the light from the illumination source after the light interacts with the at least a portion of the object. The light from the illumination source is spatially patterned prior to reaching the object. The illumination module can be configured to create the spatially patterned illumination and/or the platen may include a patterned optical coating creating the spatially patterned illumination. The spatially patterned illumination can include a plurality of discrete areas (e.g., a stepped pattern) of different illumination intensity and/or a gradient of different illumination intensity.

A pupil replication waveguide for a projector display includes a slab of transparent material for propagating display light in the slab via total internal reflection. A diffraction grating is supported by the slab. The diffraction grating includes a plurality of tapered slanted fringes in a substrate for out-coupling the display light from the slab by diffraction into a blazed diffraction order. A greater portion of the display light is out-coupled into the blazed diffraction order, and a smaller portion of the display light is out-coupled into a non-blazed diffraction order. The tapered fringes result in the duty cycle of the diffraction grating varying along the thickness direction of the diffraction grating, to facilitate suppressing the portion of the display light out-coupled into the non-blazed diffraction order.