An electronic intraocular device is implantable into the capsular bag of a wearer's eye. In some cases, the intraocular device may include a femtoprojector. The femtoprojector projects images onto the wearer's retina when the electronic intraocular device is implanted in the wearer's eye. Different haptic designs may be used to keep the femtoprojector in position. In some embodiments, an imager is contained in a contact lens worn by the wearer. Images captured by the contact lens imager may be relayed to the intraocular femtoprojector. In some cases, the intraocular device may include an electronic capsular tension ring with a femtoimager. The femtoimager may capture images of the wearer's retina, for example for purposes of monitoring eye health.

An optical transmitter includes a beam steering system configured to direct an optical beam through a first optical element towards a second optical element. The beam steering system includes an adjustable optical element. The second optical element is susceptible to thermal and vibrational loads that disrupt an alignment between the first and second optical elements. The second optical element includes a main portion configured to direct the optical beam down a propagation path including a communications target. The second optical element also includes a reflective portion configured to direct an alignment portion of the optical beam back to the beam steering system through the first optical element. A detector is configured to receive the alignment portion and generate an alignment signal. A controller is configured to adjust the adjustable optical element based on the alignment signal to counteract the loads.

Disclosed herein are techniques for displaying images on multiple image planes in a near-eye display system. A switchable optical device includes a first polarizer configurable to polarize incident light into light of a first circular polarization state, and a second polarizer configurable to transmit light of a second circular polarization state and reflect light of the first circular polarization state into light of the first circular polarization state. The switchable optical device also includes a partial reflector positioned between the first polarizer and the second polarizer. The partial reflector is configured to transmit light from the first polarizer and reflect light from the second polarizer, where the reflected light and the light from the second polarizer have different polarization states. At least one of the first polarizer or the second polarizer includes a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) circular polarizer that is switchable by a voltage signal.

An imaging system includes an image generating device and two reflecting mirrors. The image generating device projects a light toward a gravity direction. The two reflecting mirrors are disposed with respect to each other and one of the two reflecting mirrors is disposed with respect to the image generating device. The light projected by the image generating device forms a virtual image through the two reflecting mirrors in sequence.

A focusing device for focusing a laser beam in a target area. The focusing device includes a paraboloid mirror configured to widen the laser beam; an ellipsoid mirror or a hyperboloid mirror configured to focus the widened laser beam at a focal position within the target area; and a movement device. The movement device is configured to move the ellipsoid mirror or the hyperboloid mirror relative to the paraboloid mirror, or together with the paraboloid mirror, to change the focal position within the target area.

An optical assembly guides an output beam of a free electron laser to a downstream illumination-optical assembly of an EUV projection exposure apparatus. The optical assembly has first and a second GI mirrors, each with a structured reflection surface to be impinged upon by the output beam. A first angle of incidence on the first GI mirror is between one mrd and 10 mrad. A maximum first scattering angle is produced, amounting to between 50% and 100% of the first angle of incidence. A second angle of incidence on the second GI mirror is at least twice as large as the first angle of incidence. A maximum second scattering angle of the output beam amounts to between 30% and 100% of the second angle of incidence. The two planes of incidence on the two GI mirrors include an angle with respect to one another that is greater than 45.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure include chip-scale laser sources, such as semiconductor laser sources, that produce directional beams with low spatial coherence. The lasing modes are based on the axial orbit in a stable cavity and have good directionality. To reduce the spatial coherence of emission, the number of transverse lasing modes can be increased by fine-tuning the cavity geometry. Decoherence is reached in as little as several nanoseconds. Such rapid decoherence facilitates applications in ultrafast speckle-free full-field imaging.

A first mirror has a first reflecting surface convexed in a first direction, a first apex, and a first fan shape. A second mirror has a second reflecting surface convexed in a second direction, a second apex, and a second fan shape. An imaging optical system forms images from a first light emitted from an object, reflected by the first reflecting surface, and subsequently further reflected by the second reflecting surface, and a second light emitted from the object and reflected by the second reflecting surface. The first and second fan shapes have interior angles of 180 or more. A center position of the image sensor is displaced with respect to an optical axis of the imaging optical system. A short side of a photo-receiving surface of the image sensor and a center line of the image of the first or second fan shape are approximately parallel.

An imaging system includes an image generating device and two reflecting mirrors. The image generating device projects a light toward a gravity direction. The two reflecting mirrors are disposed with respect to each other and one of the two reflecting mirrors is disposed with respect to the image generating device. The light projected by the image generating device forms a virtual image through the two reflecting mirrors in sequence.

An imaging system includes an image generating device, a first reflecting mirror, a second reflecting mirror, and an image combiner. The image generating device projects a light onto the first reflecting mirror along a first optical path. The first optical path is reflected by the first reflecting mirror to form a second optical path. An angle included between the first optical path and a normal of the first reflecting mirror is smaller than 45 degrees. The second optical path is reflected by the second reflecting mirror to form a third optical path. An angle included between the second optical path and a normal of the second reflecting mirror is smaller than 45 degrees. The third optical path forms a virtual image through the image combiner. An angle included between the third optical path and a normal of the image combiner is smaller than 45 degrees.