A process (10), with a computer program, a device (30) and a ventilation system (40) detect a leak in a patient gas module, which suctions and analyzes a continuous sample gas stream from a ventilated patient (20), in a ventilation system for ventilating a patient (20). The process includes a determination (12) of a first time curve of a carbon dioxide concentration in a breathing gas mixture of the patient (20) and the determination (14) of a second time curve of a concentration of another gas in the breathing gas mixture, which gas is different from carbon dioxide. The process (10) further includes a determination (16) of a statistical similarity indicator between the first time curve and the second time curve and the detection (18) of the leak based on the similarity indicator.

An airway adaptor includes: a nasal expiration collecting portion which is to be connected to a nostril of a living body, and which collects an expiration of the nasal cavity; a gas passage portion that forms a gas passage through which the expiration collected by the nasal expiration collecting portion passes; and a gas sensor attaching portion to which a gas sensor that is disposed in the gas passage portion, and that measures the concentration of a predetermined gas component contained in the expiration is attachable. The nasal expiration collecting portion shows a flowing state where a flow of the expiration is allowed, and an obstruction state where the flow of the expiration is blocked.

A wearable capnography device implemented in a form of piercing jewelry that can be worn in a nose or a mouth. The device includes miniaturized sensors to measure pCO2 values continually, wherein the sensor is positioned such as when the device is worn, the sensor is exposed to expired air from the nose or the mouth respectively. The wearable capnography device can be wirelessly coupled to an ear-worn receiver, which upon receiving a signal from the wearable capnography device can generate an audio and vibratory alarm.

An object of the disclosure is to provide a composition for evaluating the hepatic glucose uptake capacity of a subject and a method for evaluating the hepatic glucose uptake capacity of a subject with the composition. An object of the disclosure is to provide a method for determining the stage of pre-onset diabetes in a subject with pre-onset diabetes using the method for evaluating the hepatic glucose uptake capacity. An aspect of the disclosure accordingly provides a composition comprising .sup.13C-labeled glucose for evaluating the hepatic glucose uptake capacity of a subject. Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method comprising measuring .sup.13C-labeled glucose in a blood sample or an expired air sample obtained from the subject to which the composition was administered. The desired evaluation or determination can be achieved by comparing the measured value with a reference value.

An electrode lead comprises an electrically insulative cuff body and at least three axially aligned electrode contacts circumferentially disposed along the inner surface of the cuff body when in the furled state. The electrode contacts may be circumferentially disposed around a nerve, and an electrical pulse train may be delivered to the electrode contacts thereby stimulating the nerve to treat obstructive sleep apnea. The electrical pulse train may be one that pre-conditions peripherally located nerve fascicles to not be stimulated, while stimulating centrally located nerve fascicles. A feedback mechanism can be used to titrate electrode contacts and electrical pulse train to the patient. A sensor that is affixed to the case of a neurostimulator can be used to measure physiological artifacts of respiration, and a motion detector can be used to sense tapping of the neurostimulator to toggle the neurostimulator between an ON position and an OFF position.

This invention relates to a breath indicator that is receivable by a part of a breathing assistance apparatus that supplies gas to a patient. The indicator comprises an elongate body having a gas sampling end and an attachment end. The attachment end is adapted to attach to a part of a breathing assistance apparatus and for locating the gas sampling end. The gas sampling end is to be located in a region where gas from the patient is to be exhaled. The gas sampling end being in communication with a sensor comprising a detector material changeable between a first visual indicator state relating to an inhalation phase of the patient, and a second visual indicator state relating to an exhalation phase of the patient. The detector material is capable of changing between the visual indicator states at a sufficient rate to substantially correspond with the inhalation and exhalation phases of the patient.

Various examples are provided related to detection and measurement of respiratory parameters. In one example, a system for monitoring an individual's respiration includes a thermal sensor that can detect CO.sub.2, an optical sensor, and image processing circuitry that can determine a parameter of CO.sub.2 gas being exhaled about a mouth of the individual using a thermal image captured by the thermal sensor and optical image(s) captured by the optical sensor. In other examples, a system includes an arrangement of thermal sensors and/or optical sensors that can monitor gas being exhaled about a mouth of the individual. In another example, a system includes an arrangement of thermal and optical sensors and image processing circuitry that can determine, e.g., a flow field and/or distribution of gas being exhaled about a mouth of the individual based upon thermal images and optical images captured by the arrangement of thermal and optical sensors.

Disclosed is a real-time dynamic and quantitative detection device for carbon dioxide in human exhaled air, which comprises: a face mask which comprises an air inlet and an air outlet; an inhalation channel connected with the air inlet of the face mask, a first one-way valve is provided in the inhalation channel; an exhalation channel connected with the air outlet of the face mask, a second one-way valve is provided in the exhalation channel; an air path switching element connected with the exhalation channel to realize the switching between an exhalation air path to be detected and an inflation air path; a detection air chamber connected with the exhalation channel, at least one carbon dioxide sensor connected with an external upper computer is provided in the detection air chamber; before detection, the air path switching element switches to the inflation air path to clean and initialize the detection air chamber; during detection, the air path switching element switches to the exhalation air path to be detected, then the human exhaled air enters the detection air chamber through the exhalation channel, and real-time dynamic and quantitative detection of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air is realized by the carbon dioxide sensor. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of high detection precision, convenient use, and the like.

A computer-implemented method of adjusting enteral feeding of a patient by an enteral feeding controller, comprising: computing an estimate of energy expenditure of the patient based on oxygen measurements and carbon dioxide measurements of the patient, computing a target composition and target feeding rate for the enteral feeding according to the computed estimate of energy expenditure, when the target composition and target feeding rate differ from a current enteral feeding composition and feeding rate by a requirement, generating instructions for adjustment, by an enteral feeding controller, of the rate of delivery of the enteral feeding according to the target composition, wherein the receiving the oxygen measurement, receiving the carbon dioxide measurement, and computing the estimate of energy expenditure are performing iteratively for every first time interval, and the generating instructions for adjustment are performed for a second time interval that is larger than the first time interval.

A ventilation system for ventilation of a patient includes a patient interface device for attaching to the patient and a measuring and analysis device for measuring and analyzing breathing of the patient. The measuring and analysis device includes a connector housing defining a passage. A first portion of the connector housing is connected to the patient interface device. The measuring and analysis device further includes an air flow sensor and a pressure sensor disposed in the connector housing for measuring an air flow rate through the connector housing and a pressure in the connector housing respectively. The present device also includes a processor configured for data acquisition, data storage, data processing, and data output based on the air flow rate and the pressure, whereby the ventilation system is operable with real-time feedback based on the data output. A method for administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation is also provided.