An imaging device (010, 10, 110) comprises a first optical system (020, 20, 120) at a distal end of the imaging device, a second optical system (080, 80, 180) towards the proximal end of the imaging device, and a sensor (074, 74, 174) at the proximal end of the imaging device. The first and second optical systems and the sensor are aligned along a common longitudinal axis. The first optical system is or comprises one or more reflective and/or refractive optical components (24, 124; 22, 122) symmetrically and/or coaxially arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis, and the second optical system comprises one or more reflective and/or refractive optical components (24, 124; 22, 122) for focussing incident light towards the sensor. A calibration system (200) and method for calibrating such an imaging device, and a method of processing image data obtained from such an imaging device are also provided.

An endoscope pipe with a central, elongated observation window on the distal end, whereby several light outlet openings for fiberoptic end surfaces are positioned close to the observation window for illuminating the angle area observed through the observation window and the light outlet openings are positioned asymmetrically in relation to the longitudinal extension of the observation window and/or the fiberoptic end surfaces are held in the light outlet openings in such a way that light is beamed from the fiberoptic end surfaces into the angle area in various directions.

An endoscope includes an objective optical system provided in a distal end portion of an insertion portion, and a light splitting element configured to split a light beam from an objective optical system into a plurality of light beams including a first light beam and a second light beam. The first light beam is reflected by a reflection mirror, and is formed into an image on a first image pickup device. The second light beam is formed into an image on a second image pickup device. The first image pickup device and the second image pickup device are disposed adjacent to the light splitting element at positions different from each other with respect to an optical axis of the light beam from the objective optical system.

An image pickup apparatus for endoscope includes: an optical unit having an incident surface and an emitting surface; an image pickup unit adhering to the emitting surface; an interposer where the image pickup unit is bonded to a first electrode of a first main surface; and an electric cable bonded to the interposer. The image pickup unit is smaller than the optical unit and the interposer in an outer size in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis. The image pickup apparatus for endoscope further includes a heat conductive resin with which a portion among the emitting surface, the first main surface, and a side surface of the image pickup unit is filled. The first electrode extends to a position where the first electrode is brought into contact with the heat conductive resin.

Systems and methods are configured for combined fluorescence imaging and white light imaging of tissue such as during surgical endoscopic procedures. A chip-on-tip type endoscope can be equipped with both white light and blue light LEDs. A single camera or dual cameras are configured with backside illuminated CMOS image sensor(s) to receive and process the white light and fluorescence images. The light sources, image sensors and image processing circuitry are configured to synchronously emit light and record pixels for visible white light and fluorescence frames alternately. Global or quasi-global shuttering can be used on the image sensor(s). A modified color filter array and other filters can be provided to enhance fluorescence imaging capabilities. Insufflating gas clears debris from the camera field of view and aids in moving he cannula distally through a body passageway.

An endoscope includes an image-capturing module. The image-capturing module includes a lens barrel housing an optical system, an image sensor, a sensor holding member that relatively fixes the lens barrel and the image sensor, and a flexible substrate through which a signal of the image sensor is transmitted to a transmission cable. The flexible substrate is bendable at an arbitrary number of bending portion.

A compound-eye endoscope includes two or more image-capturing modules, a sub-frame, and an outer shell. The two or more image-capturing modules are formed in the same outer shape, and each of the image-capturing modules includes a lens barrel housing an optical system, an image sensor, and a sensor holding member that relatively fixes the lens barrel and the image sensor. The sub-frame relatively fixes each of the two or more image-capturing modules. The outer shell accommodates and fixes the sub-frame and the two or more image-capturing modules.

An imaging probe comprises a camera or endoscope with an external detector array, in which the probe is sized and shaped for surgical placement in an eye to image the eye from an interior of the eye during treatment. The imaging probe and a treatment probe can be coupled together with a fastener or contained within a housing. The imaging probe and the treatment probe can be sized and shaped to enter the eye through an incision in the cornea and image one or more of the ciliary body band or the scleral spur. The treatment probe may comprise a treatment optical fiber or a surgical placement device to deliver an implant. A processor coupled to the detector can be configured with instructions to identify a location of one or more of the ciliary body band, the scleral spur, Schwalbe's line, or Schlemm's canal from the image.

Embodiments of the disclosure include apparatuses, systems, and methods for a catheter with a single element for both imaging and interventions. The catheter may have a distal tip which is positionable in a patient (e.g., in a lumen of a vessel). The distal tip may have an optical component which includes both a reflecting surface and a tapered distal end. The reflecting surface may redirect light (e.g., light received along an optical fiber of the catheter) into an imaging beam, which may be directed to a wall of the vessel. The tapered distal end may be a crossing tool used to cross an occluded or partially-occluded section of the vessel. In some embodiments, the reflecting surface and tapered distal end may be the same surface of the optical component. A low refractive index optical filler may be provided to reduce image artifacts at the imaging interface with the patient's fluid and tissue.

An endoscope includes an insertion observation portion including a distal end portion to be inserted into a target object; an objective lens portion disposed on the distal end portion of the insertion observation portion and includes a lens; a holding member that holds the objective lens portion; a sheath that covers the objective lens portion and the holding member; and a sealing material that is disposed on an outer circumference of the objective lens portion and that shields light. A part of the sealing material is disposed on an inner side of a recessed portion of the lens and forms a diaphragm portion that widens a depth of field of the endoscope.