An image processing apparatus interpolates a signal of a missing color component based on first, second, and third color signals respectively generated by first, second, and third pixels of an image sensor, to generate color signals. These pixels are arranged in a matrix. The first pixels generate the first color signal of a first luminance component of white light. The second pixels generate the second color signal of a second luminance component of narrow band light. Density of the first pixels being higher than density of the second pixels and density of the third pixels. The apparatus extracts a specific frequency component signal from a color signal of the first luminance component among the color signals generated by interpolation, and adds the specific frequency component signal to a color signal of a color component different from the first luminance component depending on white light imaging or narrow band imaging.

An image pickup apparatus includes an image forming optical system having an aperture stop, a first lens, and a second lens, and an imager having a light-receiving surface that is curved to be concave toward the image forming optical system, and a relative partial dispersion for a medium of the first lens differs from a relative partial dispersion for a medium of the second lens, and when a straight line indicated by θgF.sub.LA=α×υd.sub.LA+β.sub.LA (where α=−0.00163) has been set, θgF.sub.LA and υd.sub.LA for the medium of the first lens are included in both of an area determined by the following conditional expression (1) and an area determined by the following conditional expression (2), and

the following conditional expression (3) is satisfied:

0.68<β.sub.LA   (1),

υd.sub.LA<50   (2), and

0<|f/R.sub.img|≦1.5   (3).

An endoscope system comprising an image signal acquisition unit acquiring an image signal by imaging a subject, and an irregularity image generation unit generating an irregularity image by extracting information of irregularities on the subject, the irregularity image generation unit includes a microstructure image generation section generating a microstructure image as the irregularity image by extracting a microstructure of a body tissue surface layer from the image signal, the image signal including image signals of a plurality of colors having information of different wavelength components, the microstructure image generation section includes a first brightness signal generation section generating a brightness signal showing an average brightness of the subject based on the image signals of the plurality of colors, and a first image generation section generating the microstructure image by extracting a pixel region, in which a pixel value exceeds a fixed threshold value, of the brightness signal as a microstructure.

A probe for iridocorneal angle imaging of an eye, the probe comprising: a distal end having a corneal contact surface; a camera having an imaging lens at the distal end and an imaging axis orthogonal to the corneal contact surface; and at least two illumination sources, each illumination source having an illumination axis at an angle to the corneal contact surface such that the imaging axis and the illumination axes converge in the eye.

A light source device includes a primary light source that emits primary light, a light guide that guides the primary light, an optical conversion unit that converts the primary light emitted from the light guide and having a first light distribution angle into secondary light having a second light distribution angle and emits the secondary light, and a light distribution adjustment unit that adjusts the secondary light to illumination light having a third light distribution angle and emits the illumination light. The light distribution adjustment unit and the optical conversion unit slide each other. The light distribution adjustment unit allows a light distribution adjustment amount for adjusting the second light distribution angle of the secondary light to adjust to the third light distribution angle of the illumination light.

Driving an emitter to emit pulses of electromagnetic radiation according to a jitter specification in a hyperspectral, fluorescence, and laser mapping imaging system is described. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a driver for driving emissions by the emitter according to a jitter specification. The system is h that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of a hyperspectral emission, a fluorescence emission, and/or a laser mapping pattern.

A light source for medical or surgical procedures is provided which can provide at least three different imaging modes. Modular light engines are also provided which may be interchangeable within a light source system for increased imaging capability. Methods of using such light sources and modular light engines are also provided.

Systems, methods, and devices for fluorescence imaging with a minimal area image sensor are disclosed. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation, wherein the pixel array comprises active pixels and optical black pixels. The system includes a black clamp circuit providing offset control for data generated by the pixel array and a controller comprising a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 795 nm to about 815 nm.

A surgical apparatus is provided including an endoscope, a camera, a light source, and a structured light pattern source. The endoscope includes an elongate body having a plurality of segments manipulatable relative to one another. The camera, light source, and structured light pattern source cooperate to determine the topography of a surface within a patient. A method of performing surgery is also provided.

The present disclosure relates to an endoscopy system. The endoscope system includes: a first light source unit which is installed on a substrate; a second light source unit which is installed on the substrate and which emits light when the first light source unit does not emit light; an optical unit through which the light of the first light source unit or the second light source unit passes; a light guide unit which induces the light which passed through the optical unit to the inside of a target object; an image sensing unit which senses the light reflected and reached from the target object and which converts the sensed light into an image signal; and an image signal processing unit which processes the image signal to display on a display unit.