Optical element (1) comprising a first window (21) and a second window (22), wherein the first window (21) is connected to the second window (22) by an elastic membrane (41) such that the first window (21), the second window (22) and the membrane (41) enclose a deformable, sealed volume (42), which is filled with a fluid, wherein at least one first actuator (51) is arranged to tilt the first window (21) with respect to the second window (22) around a first tilting axis (81) in a first direction, wherein the first actuator (51) comprises a Shape Memory Alloy and has the shape of a wire.

A lens unit with a central axis is provided. The lens unit includes a fixed portion, a movable portion, and a first driving assembly. The fixed portion includes an outer frame and a bottom combined with the outer frame. The outer frame and the bottom are arranged along the central axis. The movable portion is movably connected to the fixed portion, and carries a lens with an optical axis. The central axis is not parallel to the optical axis. The first driving assembly is connected to the movable portion, and drives the movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion. The first driving assembly also includes a biasing element made of a shape memory alloy.

A head for directing radiated energy from a source to a coordinate in a field of view defined by at least one of azimuth and elevation, comprises an angled element and a planar reflecting element. The angled element rotates about a first axis and redirects the beam, the redirection of the angled element differing in at least one of direction and extent as it is rotated. An axis normal to the surface extends at an angle to the second axis. The reflecting surface receives the redirected beam at a point thereon and reflects it in a direction within the FOV. A rotator may be positioned between the source and the angled element to support and independently rotate the angled element and the reflecting surface about the first and second axes without impeding the energy.

A projector includes a polarization changing mechanism and a polarized beam splitter. The polarization changing mechanism is movable. A first polarized beam is configured to pass or not pass through the polarization changing mechanism. The first polarized beam transforms into a second polarized beam when the first polarized beam passes through the polarization changing mechanism. The polarized beam splitter has a light splitting surface. The first polarized beam enters the polarized beam splitter and is guided by the light splitting surface to travel in a first direction, when the first polarized beam does not pass through the polarization changing mechanism. The second polarized beam enters the polarized beam splitter and is guided by the light splitting surface to travel in the first direction or a second direction, when the first polarized beam passes through the polarization changing mechanism and transforms into the second polarized beam.

An optical element driving device is described that includes a fixed portion having supporting holes, a holding member having a supporting surface formed by a supporting portion supporting an optical element, and a supporting shaft supporting the holding member with respect to the fixed portion in a rockable manner. The supporting shaft has two end portions of cylindrical shape for the supporting holes, and a center portion with first and second outer peripheral surface. The first outer peripheral surface is flush with an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical shape along an axis line of the cylindrical shape. The second outer peripheral surface is located further inside than the first outer peripheral surface. A center of the first outer peripheral surface is on the supporting surface, and the entire second outer peripheral surface is closer to the first outer peripheral surface than the supporting surface.

The present invention relates to a light guide mirror assembly, which includes at least two thin prisms in combination with a rotating module. The thin prisms are oriented to direct the light beam towards the designated spot. The bases carrying the thin prisms are fixed by base fasteners or a moveable holder module, and the thin prisms are adjusted in terms of the spacings among them, the inclined angle thereof and the settings thereof to improve the output orientation and beam convergence of the light beam. The invention is useful in illumination, photo-thermal power generation, photovoltaic power generation, heat extraction air conditioner and light beam communication. The invention is also useful in other applications, such as weather control, fire extinguishment, pest control, energy transmission, telecommunication, rock cutting, molten lava casting and light beam probing.

A grating for line-narrowing a laser beam that is outputted from a laser apparatus at a wavelength in a vacuum ultraviolet region may include: a grating substrate; a first aluminum metal film formed above the grating substrate, the first aluminum metal film having grooves in a surface thereof; and a first protective film formed by an ALD method above the first aluminum metal film.

A laser stabilizing system configured to stabilize a laser beam emitted from a laser source includes a beam steering device, a first beam splitter, a first light detector, a second beam splitter, and a second light detector. The beam steering device is configured to steer a direction and a position of the laser beam in four or more degrees of freedom. The first beam splitter is configured to split the laser beam from the beam steering device into a first partial beam and a second partial beam. The first light detector is disposed on a transmission path of the first partial beam. The second beam splitter is configured to split the second partial beam into a third partial beam and a fourth partial beam. The second light detector is disposed on a transmission path of the third partial beam. A laser source module is also provided.

The application provides a light expander/contractor device and method of using same, the light expander/contractor device comprising: a faceted quartz structure comprising a lateral surface communicating with a light processing surface at one end and communicating with a planar surface at an opposed end; the light processing surface comprising an initial surface extending from the lateral surface substantially parallel to the planar surface and having a distal end spaced from the lateral surface, the light processing surface further comprising multiple levels of facets comprising quartz-air interfaces: each level of facets comprising (a) a proximal facet surface relative to the lateral surface, the proximal facet surface extending away from the initial surface and toward the lateral surface at a 45° angle relative to the initial surface to communicate with (b) a facet planar surface spaced apart from and parallel to the initial surface to communicate with (c) a distal facet surface adjacent and substantially parallel to the proximal facet surface.

The present invention relates to a light guide mirror assembly, which includes at least two thin prisms in combination with a rotating module. The thin prisms are oriented to direct the light beam towards the designated spot. The bases carrying the thin prisms are fixed by base fasteners or a moveable holder module, and the thin prisms are adjusted in terms of the spacings among them, the inclined angle thereof and the settings thereof to improve the output orientation and beam convergence of the light beam. The invention is useful in illumination, photo-thermal power generation, photovoltaic power generation, heat extraction air conditioner and light beam communication. The invention is also useful in other applications, such as weather control, fire extinguishment, pest control, energy transmission, telecommunication, rock cutting, molten lava casting and light beam probing.